Cardiac System Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which chamber of the heart receives unoxygenated blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava?

  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Right atrium (correct)
  • Left atrium

    • Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

  • Aortic valve
  • Mitral valve
  • Tricuspid valve (correct)
  • Pulmonic valve

    • Which chamber of the heart pumps unoxygenated blood into the low-pressure pulmonary circulation?

  • Right ventricle (correct)
  • Right atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Left atrium

    • What represents the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole?

    <p>S1 Lub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives and holds oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is the largest and pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Indicates closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole?

    <p>S2 Dub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel is the largest artery in the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dogs heart extends from

    <p>3rd and 6th intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Sinoatrial Node (SA node)?

    <p>It generates electrical impulses that trigger the beating of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coronary arteries?

    <p>To supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arterioles?

    <p>To control the diameter of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are veins constructed compared to arteries?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in pressure between venous blood and arterial blood?

    <p>Venous blood is under lower pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries?

    <p>To exchange blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cranial vena cava?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply blood to the head and neck?

    <p>Common carotids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the saphenous vein located in a dog?

    <p>Lateral aspect of the hind limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the middle layer in the aorta and pulmonary arteries?

    <p>To stretch slightly as they receive high-pressure blood from the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the _______ __________ is under higher pressure than blood in the ________ or _________ _______

    <p>Systemic Circulation, than Pulmonary or Coronary Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have thinner walls compared to arteries?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The feline heart extends from

    <p>the 3rd to 4th and to the 6th to 7th ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood flows through arterioles into:

    <p>Tiny, thin walled capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have no muscle layer in their walls?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels merge to form veins?

    <p>Venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major blood vessels supply blood to the head and neck?

    <p>Carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major blood vessels supply blood to the forelimbs?

    <p>Subclavian arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major blood vessels supply blood to the hind limb?

    <p>External iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart is almost completely surrounded by the lungs. T or F

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

    <p>Left atrioventricular valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel delivers unoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the lungs

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the correct statement regarding the canine heart

    <p>Has long axis, lays at 45 degree angle to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the correct statement regarding the feline heart

    <p>The angle of the heart in the thoracic cavity is more acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base of the heart is directed

    <p>Craniodorsally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The apex of the heart lies

    <p>To the left of the midline of the diaphragm and sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart lies within the thoracic cavity, within the ....

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shape of the heart is

    <p>Ovoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layer between the fibrous and serous layer is called the

    <p>Pericardial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel holds deoxygenated blood until it is pumped to the right ventricle

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During diastole the _____ valve open

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The AV/Tricuspid valve consists of

    <p>Three leaflets, papillary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vessels associated with the right ventricle

    <p>Pulmonary Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many leaflets does the left AV valve have

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What valve opens during diastole

    <p>Left AV valve (Mitral/biscuspic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most common cause of congested heart failure in dogs

    <p>Malfunction of the Left AV/mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel is the loudest on the left side of the chest

    <p>Mitral Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel is best heard on the right side

    <p>Tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chamber is 2-3 times thicker than its counterpart

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber is considered the pumping chamber and it is conical in shape

    <p>Left Ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest veins have

    <p>A small amount of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the systemic circulation encounters

    <p>More resistance to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels consist of many elastic fibers and aid in propelling

    <p>Aorta and pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second most common congenital heart defect problem

    <p>Aortic stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three segments of the aorta

    <p>Ascending, Aortic, Descending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aorta artery wall layers are similar to

    <p>The walls of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest artery in the body, thickest vessel walls

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel branch off the aorta and travel toward the thoracic limbs

    <p>Subclavian arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure arches dorsally and then travels caudally

    <p>Main trunk of the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Numerous branches emerge in the

    <p>Thoracic and lumbar areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel supplies blood to the pelvic viscera?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________ continue to split into smaller and smaller vessels and then arterioles

    <p>Smaller arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______________ connect venules which form larger veins which take the blood back to the heart

    <p>Capillary beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major blood vessels supply blood to the right forelimb?

    <p>Right Subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The walls of most blood vessels contain

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Constriction and relaxation allows the vascular system to:

    <p>Direct blood to different regions of the body under different circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structure on craniomedial aspect of forelimb

    <p>Cephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structure located on the medial aspect of hindlimb

    <p>Femoral vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

    <p>Left atrioventricular valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Care must be taken to avoid accidental injection into the __________

    <p>Carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel collects blood from the pelvic viscera, hindlimbs and abdominal organs from the various veins that run alongside the arteries and deposits blood into the right atrium

    <p>Caudal vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layers of the pericardium are

    <p>Fibrous and serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligament related to the fibrous pericardium layer

    <p>Sternopericardiac ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innermost pericardiac layer

    <p>Serous pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel accepts blood pumped to the heart

    <p>Right and left atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pumps blood away from the heart

    <p>Right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heart is divided into left and right halves by the

    <p>Interatrial and interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 types of vessels

    <p>Artery, veins, aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vena cava is associated with?

    <p>The right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel is associated with the right ventricle

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chambers does the heart have

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the four chambers of the heart

    <p>Right and left atria, right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the upper chambers

    <p>Right and left atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the lower chambers

    <p>Right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am a blood vessel that drains into the right atrium

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am a valve comprising two cusps, my other name is mrital

    <p>Left AV valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am the structure separating the left and right sides of the heart, in the fetus I am incomplete

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am the chamber that blood leaves as it enters the aorta

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives unoxygenated blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am the vessel taking the blood to the lungs for oxygenation

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am the fetal blood vessel that allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I make up the outer layer of the myocardium

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    I am the pressure wave within an artery caused by contraction of the heart

    <p>Pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heart Anatomy and Function

    • The right atrium receives unoxygenated blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava.
    • The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
    • The right ventricle pumps unoxygenated blood into the low-pressure pulmonary circulation.
    • Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole is represented by the first heart sound (S1).
    • The left atrium receives and holds oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
    • The mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
    • The left ventricle is the largest chamber and pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
    • Closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole indicates the second heart sound (S2).

    Major Blood Vessels

    • The aorta is the largest artery in the body.
    • Blood vessels carry blood away from the heart include arteries and arterioles.
    • The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle (myocardium).
    • Arterioles are responsible for regulating blood flow and pressure.
    • Veins typically have thinner walls compared to arteries.
    • Blood in the arteries is under higher pressure than in veins or capillaries.
    • The saphenous vein is located in the hind limb of a dog.
    • The middle layer of the aorta and pulmonary arteries provides structural strength and elasticity.

    Circulatory System Overview

    • Blood flows through capillaries for gas exchange.
    • The cranial vena cava functions to carry deoxygenated blood from the head and neck back to the heart.
    • Blood vessels supplying the head and neck include the carotid arteries.
    • The heart is surrounded by the lungs, with its apex pointing downward.

    Heart Structure Details

    • During diastole, the atrioventricular (AV) valve opens.
    • The pulmonary artery delivers unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
    • The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in fetal circulation.
    • The left AV valve has two leaflets (also known as the mitral valve).
    • The left ventricle is conical in shape and its muscular wall is 2-3 times thicker than that of the right ventricle.

    Heart and Blood Vessel Characteristics

    • The largest veins have larger lumens and thinner walls compared to arteries.
    • The heart lies within the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the pericardium, which consists of fibrous and serous layers.
    • The aorta consists of three segments: the ascending aorta, arch, and descending aorta.
    • Blood vessels consist of three layers: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

    Clinical Insights

    • Congestive heart failure in dogs is commonly caused by issues such as mitral valve disease.
    • The crookedness of the heart can be assessed by observing its sounds during auscultation; the loudest vessel sounds are often from the left side of the chest.

    Blood Flow Dynamics

    • The venous system consists of venules that merge to form veins returning blood to the heart.
    • Elastic arteries assist in maintaining blood pressure through their elasticity and ability to recoil.
    • Capillaries do not have muscle layers in their walls, allowing for easy nutrient and gas exchange.

    Miscellaneous Facts

    • The vena cava is associated with the right atrium.
    • The heart is divided into left and right halves by the septum.
    • Blood vessels supplying the forelimbs include the subclavian arteries.
    • The pressure wave within an artery caused by contraction of the heart is termed a pulse.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the cardiac system anatomy with this informative quiz. Learn about the heart chambers, valves, coverings, and major blood vessels associated with the heart. Understand the flow of blood through the heart. Perfect for veterinary technicians and anyone interested in the cardiovascular system. Happy Vet Tech Week!

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