Heart Anatomy and Cardiac Conduction System

The thoracic cavity, medially between the lungs in the mediastinum

False

The atria act as receiving chambers and contract to push blood into the ventricles.

<p>The ventricles serve as primary pumping chambers of the heart, propelling blood to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RA -&gt; RV -&gt; Lungs -&gt; LA -&gt; LV -&gt; Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sinoatrial node</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atrioventricular node acts as a gatekeeper, delaying the electrical impulse to allow the atria to fully contract before the ventricles do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 100ms pause allows the atria to complete contraction and fill the ventricles with blood before ventricular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Purkinje fibers distribute the electrical impulse throughout the ventricles, stimulating their contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pharynx is a tube formed by skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane, connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conducting zone includes the organs and structures that provide passageways for air, but are not directly involved in gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bronchi provide passageways for air to move into and out of each lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trachea is a tube formed by stacked C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage, connected by dense connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fibroelastic membrane is formed by the trachealis muscle and elastic connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles contract, and the thoracic cavity expands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveolar ducts are tubes composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue that open into a cluster of alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli are small, grape-like sacs attached to alveolar ducts, serving as the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of freedom represents the sum of all possible positions and orientations a body segment can take within 3D space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twisting motion (yaw, roll, pitch)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law of inertia, stating that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law of momentum and force, stating that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force is a vector quantity that causes an object to change velocity, having both magnitude and direction. In human movement, forces generated within the body, such as muscle contractions, must overcome external forces like gravity and friction to produce movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force in a lever system is generated by our muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a first-class lever system, the load and force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum, with the fulcrum located between the load and the force. The moment arms are approximately equal and opposite. This configuration is less common within the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a second-class lever system, the load and force are on the same side of the fulcrum, with the force being further from the fulcrum than the load. The moment arms are not equal, with the effort having a longer moment arm. This configuration is more common in the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second-class lever systems have a mechanical advantage, requiring less force from the joint to carry a load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third-class lever systems have a mechanical disadvantage, meaning you need more force than the load to facilitate movement. However, this disadvantage is offset by the ability to move resistance over a greater range, increasing speed and range of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For human movement to occur, the force created by our internal structures must exceed those imposed by external forces. We use internal forces like muscle contractions, ligament tension, and respiratory pressure to counter external forces like gravity, friction, and air resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute injuries occur from a single force applied to biological tissue that exceeds its tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic injuries occur from sustained low-force exposures over time, leading to a deterioration of tissue tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A free body diagram is a diagram that isolates a body from its surroundings and showcases all external forces acting upon it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinematics is the study of the motion of objects, focusing on the position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of a body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthropometrics is the study of body proportions and measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary types of receptor cells are free nerve endings, encapsulated endings, and specialized receptor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free nerve endings are dendrites embedded in tissue that receive sensory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encapsulated nerve endings are sensory nerve endings enclosed in connective tissue that enhances their sensitivity to specific stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized receptor cells are cells with unique structural features that allow them to interpret a specific type of stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exteroceptors receive information from the external environment, such as vision, hearing, and touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemoreceptors detect and respond to chemical stimuli, such as taste and smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nociceptors detect and transmit pain signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatosensation is the group of sensory modalities associated with touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers