Healthcare Theories and Models Worldwide

Provides all residents of a country with healthcare (medical, dental, and mental health) without financial hardship.

Financed by taxes and administered by the government.

<p>Single-payer healthcare is financed by taxes that cover the costs of essential healthcare for all residents, but not the delivery of healthcare, with costs covered by a single public system, but also sometimes other public or private funds (hence 'single-payer').</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Single-Payer system is financed by taxes and the government pays for healthcare services, but the delivery of healthcare is done by private or public providers. Socialized Medicine is both financed and delivered by the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal Healthcare began in Germany in the later 1800s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bismarck, Beveridge, National Health Insurance, and Out-of-Pocket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bismarck Model uses and insurance system called Sickness Funds that are financed by both employers and employees through payroll deductions. Doctors and hospitals are private. They also have no exclusion for pre-existing conditions and fixed procedure prices. The government regulates the system tightly to ensure affordability and fair access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belgium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthcare is provided and financed by the government through tax payments. Almost all hospitals are owned by the government. Doctors collect their fees from the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scandinavia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses private health care providers funded through payroll and taxes, similar to the Bismarck Model. However, the payer is a government-run insurance program that every citizen pays into, giving them market power to lower prices, similar to the Beveridge Model. This model limits services, resulting in longer wait times, but it is cheaper and simpler to administer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South Korea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Found in most developing countries (poor and disorganized) and in the US for uninsured patients, people pay at the point of service out of their own pockets. People that cannot pay may go without care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>28 million Americans are uninsured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bismarck Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostate Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostate Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are 113.4 cases of prostate cancer per 100,000 men per year in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When they seek care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quality of care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average reading level of adults in the U.S. is 7th-8th grade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AMI stands for Any Mental Illness and refers to a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder. SMI stands for Serious Mental Illness and refers to a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder resulting in serious impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are over 200 different types of mental illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% of Americans will experience some form of mental illness in their lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20% of women and 13% of men are affected by major depressive disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15.4 million people in the U.S. have SMI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One-third (33.3%) of homeless people have severe psychiatric disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are 653,000 homeless people in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 per 10,000 of the homeless population are veterans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>37% of the homeless population is African-American.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The GEO Group is a company that runs US prisons, with 135 facilities in the US housing over 100,000 beds. They made 2.4 billion dollars last year, focusing on profit rather than rehabilitation and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40% of inmates in jail or prison have severe psychiatric disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New York's Riker's Island Jail</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6% of emergency room visits for adults have to do with mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mentally ill inmates cost 60% more to care for than those who are not mentally ill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kendra's Law grants judges the authority to issue orders that require people who meet certain criteria to regularly undergo psychiatric treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood or urine testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assisted Outpatient Treatment (AOT) involves court-ordered programs for individuals with mental illnesses who require support to access and adhere to their treatment plans. It provides a holistic approach to care, including medication, therapy, and case management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental illness costs the U.S. $200 billion annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DALY stands for Disability Adjusted Life Year. It is a unit for measuring the amount of health lost because of a particular disease or injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men have higher rates of impulse control disorders, substance use disorders, and suicide completion than women. Men are 3.5 times more likely to complete suicide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental institutions were primarily for the very ill, offering little support for others. Lobotomy was a common practice, now replaced by SSRIs and various forms of psychotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Hidden Health Tax' refers to the practice of healthcare providers recovering costs of uncompensated care by increasing charges in private insurance premiums and taxes. This results in higher rates for everyone because individuals with limited or no insurance cannot be denied care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental illness contributes significantly to homelessness, overcrowding in jails and prisons, issues with police interactions, violence and homicides, and increased county and state expenditures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The addiction rate of marijuana is 9%, compared to caffeine, which has a 30-35% addiction rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannabis refers to the plant and botanical compound from which marijuana is derived. It has been used for centuries for its medicinal and recreational properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>17% of the US population and 2.5% of the world consume cannabis on a regular basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oldest trace of cannabis use dates back to 2727 BC, discovered by Shen Nung, a Chinese Emperor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Since the 1970s, the proportion of young people who have used cannabis has dramatically increased, while the age of first use has declined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Harrison Narcotics Tax Act was passed in 1915.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Marihuana Tax Act was passed in 1937.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Federal Bureau of Narcotics is now called the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preemption means that no state government can make a law that is less restrictive than what the federal government says. Since marijuana is still illegal under federal law, employers can use federal laws when making policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana Laws: Decriminalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means marijuana is still illegal at the federal level, even though it may be legal at the state level. People are still able to be arrested by federal agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana is still technically illegal, but law enforcement says they will not enforce those laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state has passed a law that allows individuals to grow, possess, and consume marijuana for medical purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana is a legal substance with the same parameters as any other legal substance, similar to alcohol. However, it is legal in some states but not all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Schedule 1 drug is a substance with no medical use and a high risk for abuse. Marijuana is currently classified as a Schedule 1 drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a 40% increased risk of psychosis in those who have used cannabis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention, memory, and processing impairments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legal cannabis sales are projected to hit $52 billion by 2026.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excise taxes on cannabis have raised $3.7 billion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missouri has a 4% tax on medical marijuana and a 6% tax on recreational marijuana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Missouri Marijuana Dispensary lottery application fee is $6,000, and the annual license fee is $10,000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cost of a medical marijuana card in Missouri is $25.94 for both application and renewal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Currently, 210 licensed dispensaries are operating in Missouri. An additional 144 new licenses will be issued by 2025.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana sales in Missouri began in February 2023.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cannabis industry has created 440,000 jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gross profit margin for a cannabis company is typically 12%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$2 billion worth of cannabis products have been sold since legalization in Missouri.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Gateway Drug Theory suggests that the use of certain drugs, such as alcohol or marijuana, can lead to the use of and dependence on harder drugs like cocaine or heroin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 7 minutes, someone dies from a drug overdose in the US.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opioids are a class of drugs that include heroin, synthetics such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available by prescription, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On average, 220 Americans died each day from an opioid-related overdose in 2021.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic - Fines and Tickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opioid deaths rose from 21,00 people in 2010 to 42,000 in 2017 and have remained steady through 2019.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plain language is a technique to communicate clearly with patients to improve health literacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with low health literacy tend to have a higher utilization of hospitalization and emergency services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers