Healthcare Principles and Active Listening Quiz

Unit 3 Review

• Health Care Systems (Canadian vs. American): Differences exist between Canadian and American healthcare systems. Canada has a universal healthcare system (Medicare) while the US system is more varied.

• Canadian Healthcare System: Medicare's five principles include public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility. The four goals of Canadian healthcare are health promotion, disease prevention, detection/treatment, and rehabilitation. The average healthcare cost per person in Canada is $6,299. OHIP coverage specifics include Canadian citizenship/immigration status, permanent residency in Ontario and physical presence for 153 days within a 12-month period.

• Healthcare Coverage (Canada): Covered items by OHIP include dental care, prescription drugs, eye care, and therapy. Various items are not covered.

• Healthcare Careers (Western Medicine): Significant careers in conventional medicine include doctors, registered nurses, pharmacists, and medical laboratory technologists.

• Alternative/Complementary Medicine: A list of various alternative and complementary medicine types is required for the study, but it's not provided in the text.

Active Listening

• Definition: Active listening involves attending to the patient, being mindful of their emotional state, and supporting them through verbal and nonverbal communication skills.

• Elements: Five key elements of active listening include paying attention, providing feedback, demonstrating engagement, avoiding judgment, and responding thoughtfully.

• Examples: Specific examples of active listening techniques such as paraphrasing, asking questions, and empathizing are provided.

Healthcare Ethics

• Autonomy: Respecting a patient's right to make decisions about their healthcare. This is a fundamental principle of healthcare ethics.

• Beneficence: Prioritizing the patient's needs and acting in their best interest; this ethical principle takes priority over the family's or other people's needs.

• Nonmaleficence: Intentionally avoiding harm to the patient and recognizing limitations.

• Justice: Fairness in healthcare delivery and resource distribution.

Doctor-Patient Relationship Models

• Activity-Passivity: A model where the doctor guides the patient, common in the relationship between parents and children.

• Guidance-Cooperation: A model seen between a doctor and a teenage patient where the doctor guides the patient but both are equal partners in the engagement.

• Mutual-Participation: A model of doctor-patient relationship where doctors and patients have equal partnership and understanding.

• Consumer: A model wherein the doctor acts as a service provider, akin to the consumer seeking to be served.

Transference

• Positive Transference: The patient develops positive feelings towards the doctor (admiration, trust).

• Negative Transference: The patient develops negative feelings towards the doctor (anger, distrust).

• Dependent Transference: The patient becomes overly reliant on the doctor for decision-making or emotional support.

• Countertransference: The doctor transfers their own feelings or experiences onto the patient.

Patient Interviews

• Open-ended/Closed-ended Questions: Open-ended questions encourage detailed responses, while closed-ended questions elicit short, "yes" or "no" answers. Examples demonstrating these are provided including how patients have been feeling, concerns and managing their health.

• Interview Types: Different patient types (talkative, quiet, anxious, angry, depressed, non-complaint, confused, overly detailed, uncooperative, fearful, evasive, emotional) require adaptations in interview techniques.

• Sensitive Topics: Mental health issues, substance abuse, sexual health, domestic violence, end-of-life care are sensitive topics that may need careful consideration and adapted techniques during patient interviews.

• Interview Components: Valid and valuable interview information includes creating a safe, private environment to build trust with the patient, asking open-ended questions, actively listening to the patient, paying attention to non-verbal cues, and respecting the patient's beliefs and values.

Test your knowledge on the principles of Canadian Medicare, healthcare careers, and the techniques of effective communication in patient care. This quiz addresses key concepts like the placebo effect, active listening, and the goals of health care. Perfect for students in health care courses or those interested in medical practices.