Overview of Canadian Medicare
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Questions and Answers

What are the three main typologies of welfare states according to Esping-Andersen?

  • Residual, Institutional, and Universal
  • Liberal, Conservative, and Social Democratic (correct)
  • Progressive, Moderate, and Conservative
  • Market-based, Community-based, and State-based

What are the main principles outlined in the Canada Health Act for healthcare delivery?

  • Prevention, Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Palliative Care
  • Universality, Accessibility, Comprehensiveness, Portability, and Public Administration (correct)
  • Equity, Efficiency, Quality, Innovation, and Sustainability
  • Individual Autonomy, Patient Rights, Informed Consent, and Confidentiality

What are two key reports that significantly influenced healthcare reform in Canada?

  • Mazankowski Report and Kirby Report (correct)
  • Lalonde Report and Romanow Report
  • Evans Report and Black Report
  • Roper Report and Hall Report

What are the key action areas in health promotion outlined by the text?

<p>Reorienting health care services, Developing personal skills, Strengthening community action, Creating supportive environments, Building healthy public policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canada Health Act has been criticized for focusing on treatment over prevention and health promotion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first medical plan in Canada was implemented in 1947 in Saskatchewan.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous populations in Canada face significant health disparities due to systemic racism, historical neglect, and lack of access to culturally safe healthcare services.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canada Dental Benefit aims to address inequalities in access to dental care, which is often privatized and fee-for-service.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Pharmacare Act (C-64) introduced in February 2024 seeks to establish a national pharmacare program starting with diabetes medications and contraceptives.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health promotion challenges include the interaction between health care and social determinants of health, such as living and working conditions, which significantly affects health outcomes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Canada Dental Benefit?

<p>To address inequalities in access to dental care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of the Pharmacare Act?

<p>To establish a national pharmacare program and ensure equitable access to necessary medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key features of the Canadian Medicare system?

<p>Decentralized, universal, and publicly funded healthcare system that ensures access to medical services for all Canadians without direct charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the key elements of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.

<p>It defines health promotion as enabling individuals to increase control over their health, emphasizing the importance of addressing social determinants of health and empowering individuals to take control of their health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the challenges faced by Indigenous health care services in Canada?

<p>Fragmentation, focusing on acute care rather than holistic approaches, and lack of culturally competent care and sustainable funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of care provided in the Canadian healthcare system?

<p>Primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the factors contributing to the decline of the welfare state?

<p>Weakened national identities, deregulation and internationalization, and political compromises that shift focus away from welfare provisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of community-based approaches to health?

<p>Building networks among individuals to empower them in managing their health determinants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of public policy in health promotion?

<p>Creating conditions that promote health through regulations and legislation, which can be crucial for addressing systemic issues and promoting social equity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Canadian Medicare

A publicly funded, universal healthcare system ensuring access to medical services for all Canadians.

Canada Health Act (1984)

The national legislation that sets out principles and standards for the Canadian healthcare system.

Universality

The principle that all Canadians have access to medically necessary healthcare services, regardless of income or status.

Accessibility

The principle that healthcare services should be available and accessible to all Canadians, without financial barriers.

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Portability

The principle that Canadians can access healthcare services while temporarily residing in another province or territory.

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Primary Care

The first point of contact for patients, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, and managing chronic conditions.

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Secondary Care

Specialized care provided by specialists upon referral from primary care, including medical imaging and hospital care.

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Tertiary Care

Highly specialized care for complex health issues, often requiring advanced medical technology and facilities.

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Quaternary Care

The highest level of specialized care for rare and complex conditions, typically provided in major academic centers.

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Health Equity

The absence of unfair and preventable differences in health outcomes among different population groups.

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Indigenous Health Disparities

Significant differences in health outcomes between Indigenous populations and the general population.

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

A commission tasked with investigating the history of residential schools and their impact on Indigenous communities.

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Privatization in Healthcare

The transfer of healthcare services from public to private ownership and management.

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Public-Private Partnerships (P3s)

Collaborative arrangements between public and private sectors for healthcare projects.

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Long Wait Times

A significant issue in the Canadian healthcare system, resulting in delays for accessing primary, specialist, and emergency care.

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Out-of-Pocket Expenses

Costs incurred by individuals for healthcare services not covered by Medicare.

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Canada Dental Benefit

A proposed government program aiming to address inequalities in access to dental care.

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Pharmacare Act (C-64)

Legislation introducing a national pharmacare program, starting with universal access to diabetes medications and contraceptives.

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Fee-for-Service Model

Healthcare payment system where providers are paid for each service rendered.

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National Dental Care Standards

Standardized quality and accessibility criteria for dental services across Canada.

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Health Promotion

The process of enabling individuals to increase control over their health.

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Social Determinants of Health

Factors that influence an individual's health outside of medical care, such as living conditions, socioeconomic status, and access to education.

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Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A framework outlining five action areas for health promotion: reorienting healthcare services, developing personal skills, strengthening community action, creating supportive environments, and building healthy public policy.

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Community-Based Approaches

Health promotion efforts that involve local communities in decision-making and action.

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Public Policy Initiatives

Government policies and legislation aimed at promoting health and well-being.

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Decentralized Healthcare

Canadian Medicare is managed by individual provinces and territories, not one central authority.

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Universal Healthcare

All Canadians have access to healthcare regardless of income, employment, or health status.

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Publicly Funded Healthcare

Healthcare services are funded through taxes, making them available to all Canadians.

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Comprehensive Healthcare

Medicare covers a wide range of medical services, ensuring access to essential care.

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Point-of-Care Service

Patients do not pay directly for medical services at the time of visit.

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First Medical Plan in Canada

The first public health insurance plan was introduced in Saskatchewan in 1947.

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National Health Insurance Plans

By 1961, all provinces and territories had established their own health insurance plans.

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Medical Model (1966)

A model of healthcare delivery that focused on treating illness and disease.

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Study Notes

Overview of Canadian Medicare

  • Canadian Medicare is a publicly funded, universal healthcare system.
  • It provides comprehensive health services without direct charges at the point of care.
  • It ensures equity in health access, governed by the Canada Health Act (1984).

Historical Context of Medicare in Canada

  • Saskatchewan implemented the first medical plan in 1947.
  • By 1961, all Canadian provinces and territories had established health insurance plans.
  • The Canada Health Act (1984) solidified the principles of Medicare and federal funding for provincial health services.

Structure of Healthcare Services

  • Primary Care: First point of contact for patients, focusing on disease prevention, health promotion, and chronic condition management (family physicians, nurse practitioners, community health centers).
  • Secondary Care: Provided by specialists upon referral, including acute care in hospitals and medical imaging.
  • Tertiary Care: Specialized care for complex health issues, requiring advanced medical technology (cancer treatment, cardiac surgery).
  • Quaternary Care: Highest level of specialized care for uncommon and complex conditions, typically found in major academic health centers.

Health Equity and Access Issues

  • Health equity aims for the absence of unfair, preventable health differences in various population groups.
  • Indigenous populations face significant disparities due to systemic racism, historical neglect, and a lack of access to culturally appropriate healthcare.

Challenges and Reforms in Canadian Healthcare

  • Increasing Privatization: Public-private partnerships (P3s) and for-profit clinics raise concerns about equity and access.
  • Long Wait Times: For primary, specialist, and emergency care. Resulting in patient dissatisfaction and potential health risks.
  • Out-of-Pocket Expenses: For non-covered services, a significant barrier for many Canadians.
  • Canada Dental Benefit: Introduced to address inequities in dental care access.
  • Pharmacare Act (2024): A national pharmacare program establishing necessary medication access (diabetes medications, contraceptives).

Barriers to Policy Development

  • Federal-Provincial Relations: Complicate health care reform efforts.
  • Political Feasibility and Public Opinion: Play a significant role in shaping policy; Political ideology influences priorities.

Key Reports and Recommendations

  • Mazankowski Report: Advocated for private funding and delivery of health services (Medical Savings Accounts).
  • Kirby Report: Raised concerns about the effectiveness of devolving responsibilities to regional health authorities.

Five Action Areas for Health Promotion

  • Reorienting Health Care Services: Shifts focus from curative care to health promotion and prevention, respecting cultural needs.
  • Developing Personal Skills: Provides education and resources to empower individuals.
  • Strengthening Community Action: Fosters community involvement in decision-making and strategy implementation.

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Overview of Canadian Medicare PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of Canadian Medicare, including its historical development and structure. It covers the principles established by the Canada Health Act and the various levels of healthcare services provided. Test your knowledge on how Canada's universal healthcare system operates and its significance in ensuring equitable access to health services.

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