Healthcare Delivery System in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum age for the first dose of DPT?

  • 6 weeks (correct)
  • 1 year
  • Birth
  • 4 weeks

    • How many doses of OPV are recommended for a child to be considered "Fully Immunized"?

  • 4
  • 1
  • 3 (correct)
  • 2

    • What is the minimum interval between doses of Hepa B?

  • 4 weeks
  • 6 weeks (correct)
  • 8 weeks
  • 12 weeks

    • What is the primary reason for giving the first dose of BCG at birth or as soon as possible?

    <p>To protect against TB and other TB infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age for a child to be considered "Fully Immunized"?

    <p>1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended interval between doses of DPT?

    <p>4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these vaccines is given at birth?

    <p>BCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of doses for OPV?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the Primary Level of the Philippine Health Care Delivery System?

    <p>Community Hospitals and Health Centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is identified as the national level lead agency in health care?

    <p>Department of Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Public Sector in the Philippine Health Care Delivery System financed?

    <p>With a tax-based budgeting system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Private Sector in the Philippine Health Care Delivery System?

    <p>It operates mainly based on user fees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of hospitals is categorized as Tertiary Level in the Philippine health care system?

    <p>Teaching and Training Hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local government units (LGUs) manage health centers and rural health units?

    <p>City/Municipal Government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of regional field offices under the Department of Health?

    <p>They maintain specialty hospitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What entities are part of the Private Sector in the Philippine Health Care Delivery System?

    <p>For-profit and nonprofit providers, including clinics and hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for the measles vaccine?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of protection against measles infection provided by the measles vaccine given at 9 months?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a contraindication to vaccination?

    <p>Severe allergy to a vaccine component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action if a child does not develop a scar after the first BCG vaccination?

    <p>Administer a second dose of BCG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a false contraindication to immunization?

    <p>Mild respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true contraindication to the administration of DPT2 or DPT3?

    <p>Convulsions within 3 days of the previous dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT included in the EPI target diseases?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice regarding syringes and needles during vaccination?

    <p>Use one syringe and one needle per child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for a disease presenting with a yellow color?

    <p>Moderate - Manage at the RHU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is considered a common deficiency in the country?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the nutrition program mentioned?

    <p>To improve quality of life through better nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of Vitamin A for infants aged 6-11 months?

    <p>100,000 IU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of severe disease presentation, what is the recommended level of management?

    <p>Urgent Referral in Hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should children aged 2-7 years receive Vitamin A supplementation?

    <p>Every six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of counseling is provided to patients regarding home treatments?

    <p>Counsel about feeding and fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when a patient experiences a severe condition?

    <p>Advise immediate admission to a hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the incubation period of rabies in humans?

    <p>Availability of anti-rabies medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most communicable stage of pertussis, and what is its characteristic symptom?

    <p>Catarrhal stage; coryza, sneezing, and dry cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for pertussis?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of the paroxysmal stage of pertussis?

    <p>Spasmodic coughing followed by a whooping sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary etiologic agent responsible for rabies?

    <p>Rhabdovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended treatment for pertussis?

    <p>Antibiotics like erythromycin and ampicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for rabies?

    <p>Contact with the saliva of an infected animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial nursing intervention for a patient with pertussis?

    <p>Keeping suctioning equipment readily available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Healthcare Delivery System in the Philippines

    • The healthcare delivery system is composed of two sectors: public and private.
    • Public sector is financed with a tax-based budgeting system and provides healthcare for free at the point of service.
    • The Department of Health (DOH) is the national lead agency in health, with regional field offices in every region.
    • Local Government Units (LGUs) manage local health systems, including provincial and district hospitals, health centers, Rural Health Units (RHU), and Barangay Health Stations (BHS).

    Private Sector

    • The private sector is market-oriented and provides healthcare services for a fee at the point of service.
    • Includes health insurance, manufacture of medicines, vaccines, medical supplies, equipment, nutrition products, and other health-related services.

    Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Healthcare Levels

    • Primary level: Barangay Health Stations, Private Practitioners, Community Hospitals, Health Centers, and Rural Health Units.
    • Secondary level: Emergency/District Hospitals, Provincial/City Hospitals, and Provincial/City Health Services.
    • Tertiary level: Teaching and Training Hospitals, Medical Centers, and National Health Services.

    Vaccines and Immunization

    • Vaccines are administered to promote immunity and protect against disease-causing agents.
    • Key concepts of vaccinations:
      • It is safe and immunologically effective to administer all EPI vaccines on the same day at different sites of the body.
      • Measles vaccine should be given as soon as the child is 9 months old, regardless of other vaccines being given on that day.
      • Moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory infection, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting are not contraindications to vaccination.
      • Absolute contraindications to immunizations include DPT2 or DPT3 to a child who has had convulsions or shock within 3 days after the previous dose, and live vaccines like BCG vaccine should not be given to individuals who are immunosuppressed due to malignant disease.
    • EPI target diseases include Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Measles, and Hepatitis.
    • EPI routine schedule of immunization:
      • Every Wednesday is designated as immunization day and is adopted in all parts of the country.
      • A child is said to be "Fully Immunized" when they receive one dose of BCG, 3 doses of OPV, 3 doses of DPT, 3 doses of HB, and one dose of measles before their first birthday.

    Nutrition Program

    • Malnutrition is a public health concern in the country, with common nutritional deficiencies including VIT.A, IRON, and IODINE.
    • Goal of the nutrition program is to improve the quality of life of Filipinos through better nutrition, improved and increased productivity.
    • Nutritional guidelines for micronutrient supplementation:
      • Universal supplementation of Vitamin A:
        • Infants 6-11 months: 100,000 IU, 1 dose only
        • Children 12-71 months: 200,000 IU, 1 capsule every six months
      • Vit.A supplementation to high-risk children

    Disease Classification and Management

    • Classification of diseases:
      • Mild: Green, managed at home
      • Moderate: Yellow, managed at RHU
      • Severe: Pink, urgent referral in hospital
    • Patient management:
      1. Treat the patient
      2. Counsel the patient: provide health education, promote health, and avoid risk of infection
      3. Nutrition and dietary guidance
      4. Follow-up and referrals as necessary

    Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

    • Sources of infection: respiratory secretions from infected persons
    • Signs and symptoms:
      1. Catarrhal stage: coryza, sneezing, lacrimation, and dry cough
      2. Paroxysmal stage: spasmodic and recurrent cough, excessive explosive outburst, and loud, crowing inspiratory whoop
      3. Convalescence stage: decrease in paroxysms of coughing, attack subsides after about six weeks
    • Diagnostic exam: nasopharyngeal swabs
    • Treatment: supportive therapy and antibiotics (Erythromycin and Ampicillin)
    • Nursing management:
      1. Isolation and medical asepsis
      2. Suctioning equipment must be readily available at all times for emergency
      3. Decrease environmental stimuli
      4. Provide warm baths and keep bed dry
      5. Health education: immunization, patient isolation, and case reporting

    Rabies (Hydrophobia/Lyssa)

    • Rabies is a specific, acute, viral infection communicated to man by the saliva of an infected animal
    • Etiologic agent: Rhabdovirus
    • Incubation period: 1-7 ½ months in dogs, 10 days to 15 years in humans, depending on the distance of the bite site, extensiveness of the bite, species of the animal, and richness of the blood supply in the area of the bite

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