Healthcare and Illness Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of chronic illness?

  • Rapid onset with expected recovery
  • Illness with symptoms that resolve quickly
  • Illness that has no cure but can be prevented (correct)
  • Illness that can be cured completely

Which term best describes a nurse directing a nursing assistant to perform a task?

  • Supervision
  • Assessment
  • Coordination
  • Delegation (correct)

In which setting would you refer to a patient as a 'resident'?

  • Acute care hospital
  • Assisted living residence (correct)
  • Outpatient clinic
  • Emergency department

What must a CNA do when assigned a delegated task?

<p>Accept or refuse the task and be responsible for actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing role is able to delegate tasks to both CNAs and LPNs?

<p>Registered Nurse (RN) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'susceptible host' refer to in the chain of infection?

<p>A person who has a weakened immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct order for donning PPE?

<p>Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a nursing assistant (CNA)?

<p>Provide basic personal care and assist nursing staff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done after removing PPE?

<p>Perform hand hygiene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which setting would a patient likely receive care from a hospice agency?

<p>Individuals with terminal illnesses with less than six months to live (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the task delegation process?

<p>Delegation must involve clear instructions and supervision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a psychological consequence for older persons when using PPE?

<p>Fear and agitation due to confusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of illness is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration?

<p>Acute illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does OBRA stand for in the context of patient care?

<p>Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action must be taken when resigning from a job?

<p>Provide a reason for leaving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'suffocation'?

<p>Breathing stops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to prevent burns in a healthcare setting?

<p>Monitor for smoking in designated areas only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for washing your hands?

<p>Use a dry towel to turn off the faucet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'RACE' stand for in emergency situations?

<p>Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a health hazard as per the definition provided?

<p>Any chemical that is harmful to the body when ingested (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wristband color indicates a 'Do Not Resuscitate' (DNR) status?

<p>Purple (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of standard precautions in a healthcare environment?

<p>Protect all persons in every situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a common cause of choking in patients?

<p>Large inadequately chewed pieces of food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical safety precaution should never be taken while disinfecting?

<p>Using disposable gloves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'contamination' refer to in healthcare practices?

<p>Process of becoming unclean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary responsibility in job safety within a healthcare environment?

<p>Report accurately and be responsible for all actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the 'PASS' technique?

<p>Operating fire extinguishers effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document outlines the expectations and duties of an agency for a nursing assistant?

<p>Job description (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a nursing assistant do if they are assigned a task that may harm a person due to lack of training?

<p>Refuse the task (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the five rights of delegation in nursing care?

<p>To ensure the safety and efficacy of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would be considered emotional or psychological abuse?

<p>Making threatening remarks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the legal definition of battery in the context of nursing assistance?

<p>Touching a person without their consent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Informed consent is primarily the responsibility of which individual?

<p>Doctor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves the intentional use of force that results in injury?

<p>Physical abuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an act that involves false statements intended to harm a person's reputation?

<p>Defamation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of professional boundaries in nursing assistance?

<p>Engaging in friendships with clients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does a nursing assistant have to work to maintain their certification without retraining?

<p>24 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in resolving a conflict in a nursing setting?

<p>Defining the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations might be considered neglect?

<p>Failing to provide basic necessities like food and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required from a nursing assistant when accepting a delegated task?

<p>Ensure safe completion of the task (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of law primarily addresses relationships between individuals in a care setting?

<p>Civil law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of functional nursing?

<p>Tasks and jobs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing care pattern is primarily responsible for coordinating discharge care?

<p>Case management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of memory care units?

<p>Security measures to ensure safety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of OBRA in nursing centers?

<p>To enhance resident rights and quality of care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement under OBRA?

<p>75 hours of instruction and 16 hours of clinicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is primarily served by Medicare?

<p>Individuals aged 65 and older (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'involuntary seclusion' refer to?

<p>Separation against a person's will (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the primary role of an ombudsman in health care.

<p>To advocate for residents' needs and interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What right do residents have in relation to privacy?

<p>Right to personal privacy and confidentiality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of nursing assistants during the survey process?

<p>To promote quality of care and protect residents' rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insurance program is jointly funded by federal and state government for low-income individuals?

<p>Medicaid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes patient-focused care?

<p>Care provided at the bedside (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional state describes individuals needing complete (total) care?

<p>Confused and disoriented (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring staff behavior during surveys?

<p>Promotion of quality of life, health, and safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a chronic illness from an acute illness?

<p>Chronic illness persists over time and can be prevented. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing role is responsible for supervising certified nursing assistants (CNAs)?

<p>Registered Nurse (RN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the delegation process require a nurse to perform effectively?

<p>Communicate clearly and provide guidance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of assisted living residences (ALR)?

<p>They offer a home-like setting with personal care services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) in a delegation process?

<p>CNAs must complete tasks safely and accept responsibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method to prevent infection?

<p>Hand washing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a multidrug resistant organism (MDRO)?

<p>An organism that can resist the effects of antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of neglect in a healthcare setting?

<p>Failing to provide essential services to a person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the Nursing Assistant Training and Competency Evaluation Program (NATCEP)?

<p>It includes both theoretical instruction and clinical components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the order of putting on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

<p>Gloves are the first item to be worn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nursing assistant do to reassure an older person who may be confused or fearful due to PPE usage?

<p>Explain the reason for the PPE in detail without rushing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the steps to removing PPE?

<p>Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the chain of infection, what is the term for the person or animal that carries the pathogen but may not show symptoms?

<p>Carrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines a terminal illness?

<p>An illness from which the person is unlikely to recover. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a biohazard bag in a healthcare setting?

<p>To collect hazardous materials and prevent contamination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important psychological impact for residents when staff use PPE?

<p>Heightened feelings of confusion and fear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task falls under the role of a nursing assistant?

<p>Providing basic care to patients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'assistive living residence' (ALR) signify?

<p>A facility that offers minimal support and independence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of team nursing?

<p>Coordination of care across different disciplines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following programs is specifically designed for low-income individuals seeking health coverage?

<p>Medicaid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing care pattern focuses primarily on the total care of the patient?

<p>Primary nursing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is involuntary seclusion justifiably applied?

<p>To manage behavioral issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of an ombudsman in health care?

<p>To support and advocate for patients' needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a patient is in hospice care, what is the primary focus of their health care?

<p>Maintain comfort and quality of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of OBRA regarding nursing centers?

<p>To set minimum standards for quality of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a functional nursing model primarily emphasize?

<p>Completion of specific tasks by staff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of Medicare covers hospital services?

<p>Part A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance would a nursing assistant NOT be able to refuse a task?

<p>If they have previously delegated the task (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a required component of competency evaluation after training?

<p>A background check (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be guaranteed to residents regarding their privacy during care?

<p>Maintaining privacy for personal care measures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if personal matters interfere with training and job responsibilities?

<p>Keep personal matters separate during work hours. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is essential when a patient is choking?

<p>Perform abdominal thrusts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a red wristband signify in a nursing care environment?

<p>Allergy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using safety data sheets (SDS)?

<p>To provide information on hazardous substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended action for preventing burns in a healthcare setting?

<p>Monitor hot liquids and electrical items closely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of primary nursing care?

<p>Total care for a specific patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure must be followed when resigning from a job?

<p>Give a 2-week notice and provide a reason for leaving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions represents a boundary violation?

<p>Accepting gifts from a patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters in the RACE acronym stand for in emergency situations?

<p>Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might restraints be used on a patient?

<p>To treat medical symptoms only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is classified as a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

<p>An infection developed while receiving healthcare. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'advocate' in healthcare?

<p>A person who acts on behalf of another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most likely to result in losing a job in a healthcare setting?

<p>Not following established rules and regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary action when helping a patient who is choking?

<p>Perform abdominal thrusts or chest thrusts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sterilization' refer to in healthcare practices?

<p>Removing all microbes from equipment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 'HAI' refer to in healthcare?

<p>Hospital-acquired infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a purple wristband indicate in a healthcare environment?

<p>Do Not Resuscitate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of universal precautions in healthcare?

<p>To prevent the spread of infectious diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation requires the use of gloves?

<p>Engaging in direct patient care that involves exposure to bodily fluids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should hazardous substances be labeled according to safety standards?

<p>Using pictograms to indicate specific hazards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a case manager in a healthcare setting?

<p>To coordinate services from admission through discharge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines cross contamination in healthcare?

<p>Transferring microbes from one person to another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you encounter a leak or spill of hazardous chemicals?

<p>Refer to the safety data sheet and report it to the nurse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'biohazardous waste' refer to?

<p>Items contaminated with blood and infectious materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of infection control, what is the importance of hand hygiene?

<p>It reduces the risk of healthcare-associated infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a responsibility of a CNA regarding infection control?

<p>To discard used needles in puncture-resistant containers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'functional nursing' primarily focus on?

<p>Tasks and jobs specific to nursing roles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes a prolonged state of unconsciousness?

<p>Coma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PASS stand for in relation to fire safety procedures?

<p>Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nursing care, which group is responsible for providing total care to a patient?

<p>Primary nursing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a standard precaution?

<p>Washing hands after patient interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically contained in a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?

<p>Hazards related to substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a spill of hazardous material, what is the immediate action required?

<p>Call the nurse about the leak or spill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color wristband is associated with fall risk in patients?

<p>Yellow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common requirement when a patient is to be restrained?

<p>A physician must provide an order for restraints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions represents a violation of patient confidentiality?

<p>Discussing a patient’s care in a public area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of the OSHA in a healthcare setting?

<p>Setting standards for occupational safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'portal of entry' refer to in the context of pathogens?

<p>How a pathogen enters the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described by the term 'systemic infection'?

<p>Infection affecting the whole body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does surgical asepsis involve?

<p>Total destruction of all microbes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT part of proper hand hygiene?

<p>Rinsing hands with water only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires the use of transmission precautions in healthcare settings?

<p>Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a nursing assistant do if asked to perform a task they have not been trained for?

<p>Refuse the task if it may harm the person or is beyond their role (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an intentional tort?

<p>Assaulting a patient without consent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of obtaining informed consent?

<p>The doctor is responsible for obtaining and explaining consent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of maintaining professional boundaries in nursing assistance?

<p>To ensure actions are helpful rather than harmful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines emotional or psychological abuse?

<p>Using threats or intimidation to control a person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct response if a nursing assistant witnesses suspected elder abuse?

<p>Report the incident to the nurse immediately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is NOT one of the five rights of delegation?

<p>Right business (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves the misuse of an elder's financial resources?

<p>Financial abuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of elder abuse, what does 'neglect' mean?

<p>A refusal to provide essential care and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome if a nursing assistant does not work for 24 months?

<p>They may lose their certification and need retraining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does boundary violation refer to in the context of professional relationships?

<p>Actions that serve the caregiver's needs rather than the patient's (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action describes an unintentional tort?

<p>Wrongly administering medication due to lack of training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the term 'defamation' in a healthcare context?

<p>Engaging in false remarks about a person’s character (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in dealing with conflict in a nursing setting?

<p>Define the problem clearly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acute illness

An illness with a rapid onset and short duration, expected to recover.

Chronic illness

An illness that has no cure, but can be prevented.

Terminal illness

An illness where the individual is unlikely to recover.

Functional nursing

A type of nursing care that focuses on specific tasks and jobs.

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Registered nurse (RN)

A nursing professional who has completed a nursing program and passed a licensing exam. Can delegate tasks to LPNs and CNAs.

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Airborne Respirator

A protective garment that must cover the nose and mouth and is worn by healthcare professionals when caring for patients with airborne infections, like tuberculosis.

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Contact Transmission

The transfer of microorganisms from one person to another through direct contact, such as touching, or indirect contact, such as touching a contaminated surface.

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Carrier

A person who carries a pathogen but doesn't necessarily exhibit symptoms of the infection.

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Portal of Exit

A route through which a pathogen exits the reservoir, like the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, or breaks in the skin.

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Susceptible Host

A person who is vulnerable to infection and can be affected by the pathogen.

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Delegation

The act of directing a nursing assistant to perform a specific nursing task.

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Hospice

A health care agency that provides care for individuals with a terminal illness (typically with a life expectancy of 6 months or less)

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Coma

A prolonged state of unconsciousness.

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Dementia

Loss of cognitive and social function.

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Elopement

When a patient or resident leaves the health care agency without staff's knowledge.

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Paralysis

Loss of muscle function.

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Hazardous Substance

Any chemical that is a physical hazard or health hazard.

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Sterile Techniques/Surgical Asepsis

A process used to remove all microbes.

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Nonpathogen

A microbe that does not usually cause an infection.

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Healthcare-associated Infection (HAI)

An infection that develops in a person cared for in any setting where health care is given.

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Disinfection

Procedure of killing pathogens.

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Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

A regulation of OSHA that protects health team from exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

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Vaccination

Giving a vaccine to produce immunity against infectious disease.

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Vaccine

A preparation containing dead or weakened microbes.

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Universal/Standard Precautions

Used in all situations for all persons.

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Transmission-based Precautions

Used when persons have or may have certain infections.

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Gloves

Outside is contaminated, provide barrier.

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Certification

The official recognition by a state that a person or organization meets certain standards.

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Nursing Assistant Registry

A list of people who are qualified to work as nursing assistants.

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Scope of Practice

The range of tasks a nursing assistant is legally allowed to perform.

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Job Description

A document that describes what a nursing agency expects you to do.

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5 Rights of Delegation

The rights involved in delegating tasks to a nursing assistant.

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Informed Consent

The process where a patient understands information about a treatment and chooses whether to receive it.

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Intentional Tort

Intentionally causing harm to another person, often with an intent to do so.

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Neglect

Failing to protect a vulnerable person from harm.

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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Physical or sexual violence, stalking, or psychological aggression by a partner.

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Physical Abuse

Intentional use of force which can result in injury, pain, or death.

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Financial Abuse

Misuse or theft of an older person's money, property, or assets.

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Emotional/Psychological Abuse

Verbal or nonverbal behaviors that cause mental pain or anguish.

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Sexual Abuse

Forced or unwanted sexual contact with an older adult.

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Elder Abuse

Any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver that causes harm or risk of harm to an older adult.

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Ethics

The ability to understand what is right and wrong conduct.

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Interdisciplinary Team

A team of health care professionals, like nurses, doctors, and therapists, who work together to provide comprehensive care for a patient.

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Team Nursing

A nursing care model where a team of nurses, led by an RN, provides care to a group of patients.

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Primary Nursing

A nursing care model where one RN is responsible for all aspects of a patient's care throughout their stay.

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Case Management

A nursing care model where a dedicated professional coordinates and manages a patient's care from discharge planning to home or long-term care.

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Patient-Focused Care

A nursing care model where services are moved from individual departments to the patient's bedside.

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Long-Term Care Center

A type of facility providing long-term care for individuals recovering from illnesses or surgeries, need assistance with daily living, or require end-of-life care.

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Memory Care Unit

A specialized unit within long-term care centers designed for individuals living with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, providing a safe and supportive environment.

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Medicare

A federal government program that provides health insurance to individuals aged 65 and older, as well as younger individuals with certain disabilities.

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Medicaid

A jointly funded federal and state program that provides health insurance to low-income individuals and families.

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Health Insurance Marketplace

A service that helps individuals find and enroll in affordable health insurance plans, part of the Affordable Care Act.

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Alert and Oriented

A term used to describe individuals who are fully aware of their surroundings and their identity.

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Involuntary Seclusion

A type of restraint that involves physically restricting a person's movement without their informed consent.

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Ombudsman

A person who acts as a representative and advocate for the needs and interests of someone else, often those who cannot advocate for themselves.

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Respite Care

A type of care provided to individuals who experience periods of stress or exhaustion related to caregiving, allowing them a temporary break from their care responsibilities.

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Assisted Living Residences (ALR)

Assisting Living Residences (ALR) offer housing, personal care, and a home-like environment for residents who can live independently with some assistance.

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Resident

A person who lives in a long-term care center, requiring ongoing care and support.

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Method of transmission

A method used to spread pathogens from an infected person to another person. This can be through direct contact (touching), indirect contact (touching contaminated surfaces), airborne droplets (coughing or sneezing), or bodily fluids.

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MRSA

A type of healthcare-associated infection caused by a bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to many common antibiotics. It is often found in the nose and can spread through direct contact.

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MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

A document that provides detailed information about hazardous substances, outlining their properties, potential hazards, and safety procedures. It is important in healthcare settings to understand the risks associated with different chemicals.

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Nursing Assistant

An individual who provides basic nursing care under the direction of a registered nurse or licensed practical nurse. They assist with tasks like bathing, dressing, feeding, and monitoring vital signs. They are not able to delegate tasks to others.

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Chain of Infection

The steps in the chain of infection are: source, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. This chain explains how an infection spreads.

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What is a coma?

A prolonged state of unconsciousness.

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What is dementia?

Loss of cognitive and social function.

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What is elopement?

When a patient or resident leaves the healthcare agency without staff's knowledge.

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What is paralysis?

Loss of muscle function.

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What is a hazardous substance?

Any chemical that is a physical hazard or health hazard.

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What is sterile technique (surgical asepsis)?

A practice used to remove all microbes.

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What is disinfection?

The process of killing pathogens.

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What is the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?

A regulation of OSHA that protects health team from exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

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What is vaccination?

Giving a vaccine to produce immunity against infectious disease.

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What is a vaccine?

A preparation containing dead or weakened microbes.

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What are Universal/Standard Precautions?

Used in all situations for all persons.

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What are Transmission-based Precautions?

Used when persons have or may have certain infections.

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What is the purpose of gloves in healthcare settings?

Provide barrier and protect you from pathogens.

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What are some key points to remember for job safety?

Follow agency rules, function and responsibilities, know what you can and can't do.

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How do you resign from a job?

Give a two-week notice and reason for leaving.

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Abandonment

When a person is deserted or left by someone who is supposed to provide care.

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Care Plan

A document that describes a nursing assistant's specific care responsibilities, outlining their expectations and duties in the care facility.

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Abuse

The act of willingly inflicting pain on another person.

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Medical Asepsis

A technique used to reduce the number of microbes.

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Pathogen

A harmful microbe capable of causing infection.

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Study Notes

Acute, Chronic, and Terminal Illness

  • Acute illness: rapid onset, short duration, expected recovery
  • Chronic illness: incurable, preventable
  • Terminal illness: likely no recovery

Functional Nursing and Other Care Settings

  • Functional nursing: focuses on specific tasks
  • Assisted Living Residences (ALRs): provide housing, personal care, home-like setting, independent residents
    • Personal care: bathing, dressing, grooming
    • Meals: cooking, eating
    • Housekeeping
    • Personal safety
    • Transportation
  • Hospitals: patients
  • Long-term care centers: residents

Healthcare Team Roles

  • Nursing team: registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs/LVNs), certified nursing assistants (CNAs)
  • Interdisciplinary team: includes health team (doctors, dietitians, physical/occupational therapists, social workers) and nursing team
  • Delegation: nurse directs CNA to perform tasks
  • CNA can accept or refuse tasks based on knowledge and limits of job description and training. Refusing doesn't mean ignoring a task.
  • Registered Nurse (RN): completes nursing program, licensed; can delegate to LPN and CNA
  • Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN): completes practical nursing program, licensed; can delegate to CNA
  • Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN): completed vocational nursing program, licensed (used in CA and TX); can delegate to CNA
  • Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA): passed training and competency evaluation; performs tasks under RN supervision; cannot delegate.
  • Delegation Process:
    • Assessment of Needs
    • Communication
    • Guidance and Assistance
    • Follow up and Feedback

Nursing Care Patterns

  • Functional nursing: focuses on tasks
  • Team nursing: RN leads a team
  • Primary nursing: total care of patient
  • Case management: coordinates care from admission to discharge
  • Patient-focused care: moved from department to patient bedside

Long-Term Care Centers

  • For patients recovering from illness or surgery
  • May need care until able to return home
  • May need ongoing care until death
  • Memory care unit: designed for Alzheimer's and dementia; safe wandering area

Hospice Care

  • Comfort and quality life for dying person and family
  • Usually for less than 6 months to live

Healthcare Financing

  • Private insurance: bought by individuals/families
  • Group insurance: bought by groups/organizations
  • Medicare: federal program for 65+ and young people with certain disabilities
    • Part A: hospital, SNF, hospice, home care
    • Part B: doctors services, preventive care, optional monthly premium
  • Medicaid: jointly funded by state & federal government, low-income
  • Marketplace: helps people shop for affordable insurance (ACA - Affordable Care Act)

Care of Older Adults

  • Nursing centers: often care for residents with chronic disease, poor nutrition, memory problems, or poor health

  • Levels of Consciousness/Awareness:

    • Alert and oriented
    • Confused and disoriented
    • Persons needing complete (total care)
    • Short term resident
    • Persons needing respite care
    • Life long resident
    • Persons with mental health disorders
    • Persons who are terminally ill

Survey Process & Residency Rights

  • Focus: ensuring standard care
  • Role (surveyor): provide quality care, advocate for resident rights, ensure safety, promote cleanliness, act professionally, follow policies, answer honestly and completely
  • OBRA: sets minimum standards for quality of care in nursing centers
  • Resident rights: OBRA- maintain and improve person's quality of life; health and safety, protect rights
  • Privacy: maintain confidentiality for personal care (bathing, dressing, elimination)
  • Advocate: acts on behalf of another person
  • Ombudsman: supports needs/interests of another person
  • Representative: Person with legal right to act on the patient's behalf

Safety and Prevention

  • Accident risk factors: lack of mobility or self-protection
  • Patient identification: use two identifiers (name, DOB)
  • Preventing burns: watch for smoking, hot liquids, electrical items, hot water
  • Preventing poisoning: keep substances out of reach
  • Preventing choking: abdominal or chest thrusts depending on patient's status
    • Abdominal thrusts
    • Chest thrusts (obese/pregnant)

Infection Control

  • Contamination: process of becoming unclean
  • Pathogen: harmful microbe
  • Nonpathogen: doesn't cause infection.
  • Healthcare-associated infection (HAI): infection acquired during healthcare
  • Hand washing: key practice for preventing spread of infection (20 seconds)
  • Universal/Standard Precautions: use in all situations with all patients
  • Transmission-based precautions: used when patient has specific infections (Contact, Droplet, Airborne)
  • PPE: personal protective equipment (Gowns, Masks, Gloves)
  • Proper Donning/Doffing techniques
  • Chain of Infection: Source, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Method of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host

Abuse and Neglect

  • Elder abuse: intentional, negligent, or knowing harm
    • Physical abuse: injury or force
    • Neglect: failing to protect from harm (food, water, etc.)
    • Financial abuse: misusing resources
    • Emotional/psychological abuse: causing mental pain
    • Sexual abuse
    • Abandonment: leaving person without care
  • Intimate partner violence (IPV)

Violence and Safety in the Workplace

  • Workplace violence: violence against person at work
  • Agitated patients: need careful management
  • Fall risk: yellow wristband; allergy: red wristband; DNR: purple wristband
  • Informed consent: process where person understands treatment and decides to accept or refuse (Doctors obtain consent)
  • CNA responsibilities: Witness to consent (not responsible for obtaining it)

Communication and Professionalism

  • Dealing with conflict: problem definition, information gathering, solution identification, implementation, evaluation
  • Professional appearance: good work ethics; proper attire

Other Key Terms

  • Coma, Dementia, Suffocation, Elopement, Paralysis, Disaster
  • Hazardous substances handling (SDS/MSDS), labeling
  • Clean techniques (medical asepsis), Sterile techniques (surgical asepsis)
  • Bloodborne pathogens standard (OSHA)
  • Vaccination (Hep B)
  • Universal/Standard precautions
  • Transmission-based precautions (contact, droplet, airborne) - different precautions for each situation
  • Patient Identification (2 patient identifiers required)
  • Preventing Burns, Poisoning, Choking
  • Preventing Equipment Accidents (Bariatric/EC care)
  • Workplace Violence: Agitated patients (yellow, red, & purple wristbands)

Additional Notes

  • CNAs do not draw blood, give drugs, or perform sterile procedures
  • Specimens are placed in biohazard bags (red with biohazard symbol)
  • MRSA (nose), VRE (intestines/rectum), ESBL (urine)
  • Competency Evaluation (NATCEP) - initial and ongoing every 24 months.
  • CNA Registry maintained by state, for tracking.
  • Maintaining Competence (12 hours/year)

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Test your knowledge on different types of illnesses such as acute, chronic, and terminal. Explore various healthcare settings including functional nursing and assisted living. Learn about the roles within the healthcare team and how tasks are delegated among professionals.

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