Health Systems and Fairness in Financial Contribution

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main issues contributing to the high maternal mortality rate in the Philippines?

Insufficient number of healthcare professionals

High rates of teenage pregnancy

Poor healthcare financing (correct)

Lack of access to proper healthcare facilities

How much more likely is a child from the poorest family to not reach their 5th birthday compared to one from the richest family?

1.5 times

3 times (correct)

4 times

2 times

What proportion of children in the Philippines are reported to be stunted?

3 out of 10 (correct)

1 out of 10

2 out of 10

4 out of 10

What is the primary purpose of health action?

To improve health Signup and view all the answers

What is considered catastrophic healthcare spending for single-income families in the Philippines?

Php 4,000/month Signup and view all the answers

What is one suggestion for improving healthcare professional training?

Make the curriculum more primary care-oriented Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main goals identified for health systems?

Improving health, responsiveness, and financial fairness Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major barriers causing Filipinos to delay or forgo medical care?

Unpredictable user fees or co-payments Signup and view all the answers

Which model is associated with the concept of health insurance introduced by Otto von Bismarck?

Bismarck model Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is suggested for health graduates from GIDA areas?

Create fully-funded scholarship programs Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a visible product of the health care system?

Public and private health service provision Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the recommended actions to improve health data management?

Mandate the use of electronic medical records Signup and view all the answers

What does improving the responsiveness of the health system refer to?

Addressing the needs of the population it serves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a health service input?

Public health laws Signup and view all the answers

What role does the health care system play beyond delivering health services?

Averting illness through education and preventive measures Signup and view all the answers

How does the Bismarck model differ from other health care systems?

It relies on multiple private insurance providers Signup and view all the answers

What is a prerequisite for registration, licensing, and contracting in the healthcare system?

Online submission of clinical records Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health care is highlighted as needing improvement for clients and patients?

Maintaining privacy and confidentiality Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative aims to improve the performance and accountability of health care?

Publishing health information Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the decrease in the number of undernourished people worldwide?

Increased agricultural productivity Signup and view all the answers

What must be set up to track performance or progress of health reforms?

Performance monitoring unit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is emphasized in valuing health care clients and patients?

Prioritizing vulnerable populations Signup and view all the answers

What is an important step to facilitate ease of access for researchers?

Providing available data access Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is directly related to crowding and under-provision of care?

Poor record-keeping Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a health system as defined by Bertalanffy?

To deliver health services to a population Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the health system as described in the content?

Regulatory Agencies Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a fairly financed health system according to the WHO definition?

It should not deter individuals from receiving needed care Signup and view all the answers

Which vital function of a health system focuses on delivering health services?

Health Service Provision Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what outcome does a health financing system that impoverishes families lead to?

Worsened health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What should be the financial impact of paying for healthcare in a fair health system?

It should never lead to financial hardship Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does governance in a health system primarily focus on?

Policy-making and regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the adequate operation of a health system according to the content?

Collaboration between different health stakeholders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus for improving health programs in the Philippines?

Prioritizing the poorest 20 million Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health services is highlighted for improvement at all DOH health facilities?

Reducing turnaround time and improving transparency Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 related to health?

Universal health coverage Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome has NOT been mentioned as an achievement in improving health?

Decreased health care costs nationwide Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is suggested for addressing social determinants of health?

Work with national government agencies Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier to development highlighted in the content?

Extreme hunger and malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a proposed action for improving health entitlements?

Provide direct health services only Signup and view all the answers

Which issue related to health is indicated as an emerging challenge?

Chronic diseases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of a Health System

A “system” consists of interconnected parts working together towards a specific purpose.
Health systems combine resources, organization, financing, and management to deliver health services.

Components of a Health System

Involves various entities such as:
- Community organizations
- Health care providers
- Health service organizations
- Pharmaceuticals companies
- Health financing bodies

Characteristics of an Ideal Health System

Provides social and financial risk protection
Ensures that healthcare costs do not lead to impoverishment
Strives for fairness in financial contributions, with individuals paying a similar percentage of income for services.

Functions of a Health System

Health Service Provision: Delivery of clinical and preventive services.
Health Service Inputs: Assembling essential resources like human resources and equipment.
Stewardship: Governance and regulatory functions overseeing health service delivery.
Health Financing: Mobilizing funds and ensuring equitable access to care.

Goals of Health Systems

Aim for three main outcomes:
- Improving population health
- Enhancing system responsiveness to population needs
- Ensuring fairness in financial contributions to health care

Challenges in Health Outcomes

Significant maternal and child mortality rates, with impoverishment due to healthcare costs.
Inequalities evident in health outcomes across socioeconomic groups.

Financial Burdens in Healthcare

1.5 million families face poverty due to healthcare expenditures.
High costs lead to delayed or avoided care, highlighting accessibility issues.

Quality of Care Concerns

Poor care quality characterized by long wait times, inadequate facilities, and insufficient privacy.
Need for improved accountability, transparency, and standards in healthcare delivery.

Strategies for Improvement

Enhance and enforce health policies for better funding and service quality.
Combine public health initiatives with private sector investments.
Invest in data systems and eHealth for improved decision-making and performance tracking.

Global Health Objectives

Address extreme hunger and malnutrition as barriers to health development.
Aim for sustainable improvements in health outcomes, acknowledging socioeconomic inequalities.
Universal health coverage is essential for achieving sustainable development goals, particularly in health and poverty reduction.

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of health systems and their components, as proposed by Bertalanffy. It emphasizes the importance of fairness in financial contributions and the ideal characteristics of a health system to protect social and financial risks.