Risk Pooling in Health Systems

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus area for locally endemic disease prevention and control?

Treatment of Communicable and Non-communicable diseases

Nutrition: Adequate, safe and available

Expanded program for immunization

Genomic research (correct)

What type of facilities provide highly technological and sophisticated services?

Emergency Hospitals

Tertiary Level Medical Centers (correct)

Community Clinics

District Hospitals

What aspect of primary health care includes addressing maternal and child health along with responsible parenthood?

Nutritional Support

Specialized Medical Treatment

Environmental Health

Management of Primary Health Care (correct)

Which of the following is a critical component of safe water and sanitation in primary health care?

Effective waste disposal systems Signup and view all the answers

How does the management of primary health care relate to essential drugs?

Essential drugs are integral to treatment capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of health financing?

To collect revenues, pool financial risk, and allocate resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of revenue collection for health care services?

Corporate tax on large companies Signup and view all the answers

What does the Generics Act aim to achieve?

Encourage the use of generic drug names to reduce costs Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant outcome of the Adoption of Primary Health Care in the Philippine Health System?

Increased participation in local health management Signup and view all the answers

What legislation was introduced to ensure access to affordable quality medicines?

RA 9502 Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of AO 2010-0036?

To provide universal health coverage for all Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

How does the Sin Tax contribute to health financing?

By generating revenue through taxes on harmful products Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the reorganization of Primary Health Care impact public health?

It integrated public health with hospital services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the National Health Insurance Act?

To provide financial protection to all citizens, especially the poor. Signup and view all the answers

What does the FOURmula One (F1) for Health framework emphasize?

Speed, precision, and effectiveness in health reforms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Primary Health Care?

It is an inclusive approach organizing health services for communities. Signup and view all the answers

What does accountability in health care management refer to?

Willingness to accept authority and responsibility for actions. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Universal Health Care Law benefit Filipino citizens?

It guarantees automatic enrollment in the National Health Insurance Program. Signup and view all the answers

What role do local governments play according to RA 7160?

They take on the responsibility of providing health services. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best defines the Health Care System?

It is an organized plan of health services for a population. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of health services, the term 'authority' refers to what?

The legitimate right of a manager to make decisions and allocate resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the health care delivery system?

People-centered service Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key element of better primary health care?

Enhanced Pharmaceutical Sales Signup and view all the answers

What type of health facilities are included in the primary level of health care?

Community hospitals Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is emphasized through the leadership reforms in health care?

Enhanced managerial accountability Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of secondary-level health care?

Offers specialized treatment for referred patients Signup and view all the answers

Which listed option is a form of primary health care education?

Promoting healthy lifestyle choices Signup and view all the answers

What should the government prioritize for effective health care service delivery?

Allocating sufficient budget and resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about health care service delivery reforms?

They aim to improve the quality and efficiency of services. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a health system in improving health equity?

Minimizing inequitable disparities in the community Signup and view all the answers

Which model funds healthcare through tax payments?

Beveridge Model Signup and view all the answers

What does risk pooling aim to achieve in health systems?

To distribute the financial burden of healthcare costs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the building blocks of the WHO Health System Framework?

Health Outcomes Signup and view all the answers

How should a health system improve its responsiveness?

By placing patients at the center and responding to their expectations Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health financing is essential for a health system?

Adequately funding essential services for all citizens Signup and view all the answers

What role does strategic purchasing play in health systems?

It involves financing or buying health care services for members. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of health systems regarding service delivery?

Ensuring timely delivery of quality and cost-effective health services Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Risk Pooling and Health Systems

Risk pooling involves collecting and managing financial resources to distribute the financial risks of healthcare among all members of a health system.
Aims to minimize the individual financial burden of healthcare costs through collective coverage.

Goals of Health Systems

Improve population health equity by addressing health disparities in communities.
Enhance the responsiveness of health systems by empowering individuals and aligning with their expectations.
Ensure fair health financing that protects against catastrophic health expenses.

Building Blocks of WHO Health System Framework

Service Delivery: Ensures effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions.
Health Workforce: Essential for quality service delivery and requires sufficient training and support.
Leadership/Governance: Establishes strategic policies supporting an effective health system structure.

Health Financing

Revenue collection methods for healthcare include taxation, out-of-pocket expenditures, and sin taxes (taxes on harmful substances).
Risk pooling is fundamental for protecting citizens against the financial impacts of health emergencies.

Philippine Health System Characteristics

Developed a largely centralized and government-funded health care system focused on equitable access.
Implemented universal health coverage through initiatives like the Kalusugang Pangkalahatan act, aimed at providing quality health care for all Filipinos.

Key Health Laws and Acts in the Philippines

RA 9502: Access to Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act ensures affordable drug access.
RA 7160: Local Government Code transfers health service responsibilities to local units.
National Health Insurance Act: Provides financial protection for all citizens with a focus on vulnerable populations.

Primary Health Care (PHC) Concept

A whole-of-society approach promoting accessible health services to enhance health and well-being in communities.
Based on community participation and affordability, ensuring health as a basic human right.

Health Care Delivery System

Organizes and delivers health services to the population, ensuring that systems are effectively budgeted and managed.

Levels of Health Care Facilities

Primary Level: First contact health care focused on basic needs, offered through community health stations and clinics.
Secondary Level: Specialized treatment provided by healthcare professionals for referred patients in regional hospitals.
Tertiary Level: Advanced medical care in large hospitals offering high-tech services for complex health conditions.

Essential Elements for Better Primary Health Care

Include education for health, endemic disease control, immunization, maternal and child health, nutrition, and access to essential drugs and services.

Management and Engagement in Primary Health Care

Key management aspects include leadership, public policy reforms, and increasing stakeholder participation for better health outcomes.

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Description

Explore the concept of risk pooling within health systems, emphasizing the collection and management of financial resources. Understand how financial risks are spread from individuals to a collective pool to ensure equitable health service delivery. This quiz will delve into theoretical underpinnings and practical implications as highlighted by Roemer in 1991.