Health for Health Officer Students

Study Notes

HFA/2000 Means: The goal is to reduce disparities between urban and rural areas, rich and poor, by decreasing morbidity and mortality rates. This allows for a greater contribution to economic development through health improvements.

PHC is a call for a partnership in health, encompassing both rural and urban areas. It is considered a social reform, not just a medical one.

Equity: This means equal access to health services, utilization, and resources for the entire population, especially focusing on providing access to the rural and peri-urban poor.
Inter-sectoral Approach (Collaboration): This involves multiple sectors collaborating to identify health problems, programs, undertake actions, and promote health.
Community Involvement: Encourages individuals and families to take responsibility for the community's health, developing the capacity to contribute to their well-being and the community's development.
Locally Sustainable Technology: Employs technologies that are not overly reliant on imported skills or supplies for maintenance.
Evolutionary Capacity: Technologies should be appropriate and lead to further benefits.
Environmentally Accountable: Technologies should be environmentally harmless or minimally harmful.
Measurable: Technology impact and performance must be evaluated for widespread recommendation.
Politically Responsible: Technology implementation should not disrupt existing balances in a counterproductive way.
Emphasis on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Views health as a positive attribute, promoting wellness rather than simply the absence of diseases.

Since 1980, PHC has been the main strategy for health policy, with implementation varying across countries based on political, economic, and social conditions.

Health education: Concerning prevailing health problems and prevention and control methods.
Locally endemic diseases prevention and control
Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)
Maternal and child health, including family planning
Essential drugs provision
Nutrition, promotion of food supply
Treatment of common diseases and injuries
Sanitation and safe water supply

Lack of district-level infrastructure to support PHC
Difficulties in achieving inter-sectoral collaboration
Inadequate health service coverage and distribution
Insufficient resource allocation
Absence of clear guidelines for government institutions and mass organizations on PHC implementation
Culturally influenced harmful traditional practices or unscientific beliefs
Lack of legal rules to support environmental health activities

Geographical Distribution: It's concerned with the allocation and availability of health services across different locations.
Health Service Coverage: This focuses on the availability, accessibility, and utilization of a health service within a defined population and area.
Ethiopia faces challenges in terms of both health service coverage and distribution compared to other developing nations, as seen in various health indicators.

Teamwork Definition (WHO): Coordinated actions by two or more individuals with agreed-upon goals, mutual respect for roles and functions.
Teamwork requirements: Shared goals, resources, supportive relationships, open communication, and evaluation mechanisms
Health Team Definition: A group with common goals that are determined by the community's health needs. Each member contributes according to their skills and functions.
Team Approach Definition: Finding balance among diverse individuals and professionals in collaborative health care. Efficient teams can quickly assess complex situations, define problems, and integrate skills for a comprehensive approach.