Primary Health Care Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the central aim of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

  • To reduce healthcare costs for government-funded programs
  • To focus only on elderly populations needing healthcare services
  • To provide specialized medical treatments to disadvantaged groups
  • To ensure universal access to basic health services for all individuals (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes a significant feature of Primary Health Care?

  • Decentralization and accessibility of healthcare services (correct)
  • Increased reliance on healthcare technology and telemedicine
  • Exclusivity to certain ethnic groups for service provision
  • Concentration of resources in urban healthcare facilities

    • In the context of Primary Health Care, what does 'access' imply?

  • Restricted access dependent on the severity of health conditions
  • Equal opportunity for all demographics to receive basic health services (correct)
  • Availability of luxury healthcare services to all individuals
  • Negotiable access based on socioeconomic status

    • Which demographic factors are considered in ensuring access to Primary Health Care?

    <p>Race, ideology, and age among others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Primary Health Care contribute to community health?

    <p>By improving access to basic healthcare services within communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary objective of multisectoral policy in health?

    <p>To foster collaboration in health-related initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential for the integration of primary care and public health functions?

    <p>Preventing diseases and promoting health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the partnership between public and private organizations primarily enhance?

    <p>Collaboration across various sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of effective multisectoral policy action?

    <p>Enhanced health outcomes for the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of primary care contribute to the broader health agenda?

    <p>By integrating preventive measures with public health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the National Immunization Program?

    <p>To reduce mortality and morbidity in infants and children specifically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about immunization is true?

    <p>Immunization is defined as the process of creating artificial immunity in population groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the National Immunization Program primarily benefit the population?

    <p>By guaranteeing access to routinely recommended vaccines for the poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes immunity in the context of public health?

    <p>Resistance and protection from disease due to antibodies in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the objective of immunization services in public health?

    <p>To provide a means of artificially conferring immunity to groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes passive immunity from active immunity?

    <p>Active immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law serves as the legal foundation for the National Immunization Program after its repeal?

    <p>RA 10152 of 2011</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccinations was NOT included in RA 10152 of 2011 for infants and children?

    <p>Measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age limit specified in PD No. 996 for the compulsory basic immunization?

    <p>Children below 8 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the National Immunization Program, what does 'attenuated vaccines' refer to?

    <p>Vaccines containing living pathogens that are weakened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a correct guideline when administering multiple vaccines at the same site on a child's leg?

    <p>They should be at least 2.5 – 5 cm apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding booster doses is accurate?

    <p>Booster doses are not really necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the eligible limit for receiving pentavalent vaccines?

    <p>Up to 5 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a common misunderstanding about the immunization schedule?

    <p>Previous doses do not have to be repeated regardless of interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reminding caregivers about immunization, which aspect is emphasized for every clinic visit?

    <p>Bring immunization records of the child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence is recommended for administering multiple vaccines?

    <p>OPV, Rotavirus, then other vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action regarding BCG and Rotavirus vaccines concerning their exposure to light?

    <p>Protect BCG from sunlight and Rotavirus from light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration for which reusable vaccines like OPV may be used under specific storage conditions?

    <p>4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should caregivers be informed about when their child is due for immunization?

    <p>Common side effects and how to manage them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After reconstitution, how long should special diluents for vaccines like BCG, AMV, and MMR be discarded?

    <p>6 hours or after clinic hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Primary Health Care (PHC)

    • Primary Health Care (PHC) is a comprehensive approach to providing people with access to basic healthcare.
    • The core aim of PHC is to improve the health of communities.
    • A central principle of PHC is bringing healthcare closer to people.
    • PHC aims to ensure everyone, regardless of factors like age, sex, creed, religion, ideology, or race, has access to basic health services.

    Primary Health Care

    • Promotes collaboration across all sectors of society
    • Values partnership between public and private organizations
    • Prioritizes primary care and essential public health functions as core components of integrated services
    • Aims to prevent diseases, prolong life, and promote health

    Multisectoral Policy and Action

    • Involves functional coordination between public and private agencies
    • Includes health, environment, and economic sectors
    • Strives to make health for all attainable through collaborative efforts

    National Immunization Program

    • The National Immunization Program (NIP) is a crucial public health service aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity in infants and children.
    • The NIP prioritizes providing free access to routinely recommended vaccines for Filipinos, especially those in low-income communities.
    • Immunization plays a vital role in protecting individuals from diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that fight off pathogens.
    • The program's core goal is to ensure that Filipinos have access to safe and effective vaccines to help prevent serious health problems.

    Types of Immunity

    • Active Immunity is developed through exposure to weakened or attenuated pathogens, or vaccines.
    • Passive Immunity is acquired through pre-existing antibodies, like those found in breast milk.

    Immunization Policies and Laws in the Philippines

    • Presidential Decree (PD) No. 996 of 1976 mandated compulsory basic immunization for infants and children under 8 years old.
    • Republic Act (RA) 7846 of 1994 expanded the mandatory immunization program to include Hepatitis B for infants and children under 8 years old.
    • RA 10152 of 2011 replaced PD 996 and established the current legal basis for the National Immunization Program (NIP). This law mandates immunization for infants and children up to 5 years old and includes new vaccines: Hepatitis B, Mumps, Rubella, and Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Hib).

    Immunization Program Considerations

    • Caregivers should adhere to the recommended immunization schedule for their children and bring their immunization records to every visit.
    • Previous doses of vaccines do not need to be repeated, regardless of the time interval between doses.
    • The pentavalent vaccine is suitable for children up to 5 years old.
    • Booster doses are generally not required.
    • Multiple vaccines can be administered on the same day at different injection sites.
    • When administering multiple vaccines on the same leg, ensure injections are spaced at least 2.5 to 5 cm apart.

    Vaccine Administration Order

    • Administer vaccines in a specific order.
    • Begin with Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), followed by Rotavirus vaccine, and then other vaccines.

    Vaccine Storage and Expiration

    • Utilize the "First Expiry, First Out" (FEFO) inventory management method for vaccines.
    • Dispose of BCG, AMV, and MMR vaccines six hours after reconstitution or at the end of the clinic day.
    • Protect BCG from direct sunlight and Rotavirus from light.

    Injection Site Care

    • Use cotton to clean the injection site.
    • If using alcohol, ensure the area is completely dry before administering the vaccine.

    Information for Caregivers

    • Inform caregivers about potential side effects of vaccination.
    • Provide instructions on how to manage common side effects.

    Reusable Vaccine Storage

    • Reusable vaccines, such as OPV, Pentavalent, Hepatitis B, and Tetanus Toxoid, can be stored for up to four weeks under specific conditions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of Primary Health Care (PHC). Learn about its core principles, objectives, and commitment to providing equitable healthcare access to all individuals in a community. Test your knowledge on how PHC aims to enhance public health.

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