Health Determinants and Inequity Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is emphasized in the concept of health according to the WHO?

  • Social and personal resources alongside physical capacities (correct)
  • Absence of disease and infirmity
  • Strict adherence to medical treatments
  • Economic status as the primary determinant

    • What is considered a fundamental human right related to health?

  • Access to healthcare services
  • The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health (correct)
  • Ability to afford medication
  • Living in a pollution-free environment

    • Which factor is NOT a determinant of health?

  • Random chance (correct)
  • Access to medical care
  • Personal choices in diet
  • Social inequality

    • How does health inequality differ from health inequity?

    <p>Health inequity refers to preventable disparities, while health inequality can be natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of global health?

    <p>To promote health and prevent diseases for all people globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does international health differ from global health?

    <p>It emphasizes health within participating countries with implications for others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do stakeholders play in the food system?

    <p>Influence sociological changes and consumer choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary aspect of the modern food system?

    <p>Increased diversity and global economic impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a social determinant of health?

    <p>Individual behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'health equity' refer to?

    <p>The absence of systematic disparities in health between groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents health promotion?

    <p>Enabling individuals to control and improve their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can social factors shape dietary patterns?

    <p>By impacting cultural and economic aspects of communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is emphasized as inappropriate for determining health outcomes according to the content?

    <p>Individual circumstances and lifestyle choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern of community health?

    <p>Focusing on specific geographic populations' health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to health being viewed as a resource?

    <p>Health contributes to effectiveness in daily life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how do social determinants of health typically affect individuals?

    <p>They create a health gradient where health outcomes vary by socio-economic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of health inequities?

    <p>They are avoidable differences in health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the prevalence of Type II diabetes among different income groups described?

    <p>It is four times higher in the lowest income group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the nature of health inequities?

    <p>They are patterned across the population and not random</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor in addressing health inequities?

    <p>Developing government policies based on health data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the moral judgment associated with health inequities?

    <p>They are unfair and unjust differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are health inequities considered systemic?

    <p>They represent a linear pattern present throughout society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'allocation based on need' imply in the context of health resources?

    <p>Resources should be assigned according to individual circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with health inequities?

    <p>Personal dietary preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage increase in meat consumption has been observed in developing Asian countries over the last decade?

    <p>3 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary destination for the approximately 2.3 billion tonnes of cereals produced?

    <p>Food use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many million tonnes of cereals are processed for industrial use, used as seed, or wasted?

    <p>500 million tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the data, what happens to energy expenditure as people's lifestyle becomes more sedentary?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of a food system?

    <p>Growing, processing, and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend regarding world hunger as reported in 2017?

    <p>It is on the rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does livestock production have on crop sector output?

    <p>It increases the linkage with the crop sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the role of farmers changed in food production?

    <p>Food production has become consumer driven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of modern diets has become richer due to improved economic status?

    <p>Fats, sugar, and salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor driving the threefold increase in global crop production over the past 50 years?

    <p>Higher yields per unit of land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT a part of the food system's infrastructure?

    <p>Consumer preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many million children under 5 years old were reported as overweight in 2016?

    <p>41 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a characteristic of the modern food system regarding food travel?

    <p>Food travels thousands of miles from production to consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the supply of food in traditional food systems compared to modern systems?

    <p>Farmers' production capabilities in both traditional and modern systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crop type is identified as the most important food source for human consumption?

    <p>Cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major output of the food production process?

    <p>Food waste and environmental degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Determinants

    • The social and economic environment, physical environment, and individual characteristics and behaviors determine individual and community health.
    • Blaming individuals for poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate.
    • Women are more susceptible to breast cancer than men.

    Health Inequity

    • Also called Health Disparity
    • Unjust and avoidable differences in people’s health.
    • Often inequity is measured in terms of the inequality of health.
    • The issue of health inequity often refers to the differences in health status that are the result of social, economic, and environmental factors.
    • Health inequities are unfair and could be reduced by the right mix of government policies.

    Features of Health Inequity

    • Systemic: A linear pattern throughout society.
    • Avoidable: Not the result of biological differences.
    • Unfair/Unjust: A moral judgment that refers to health differences that are unfair or stem from injustice.

    Socioeconomic Status Impact on Health

    • There is a social gradient across many social determinants of health.
    • Poorer individuals experience worse health outcomes than those who are better off.

    Food System Overview

    • A food system includes all processes and infrastructure involved in feeding a population.
    • Components involve growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, and consumption.
    • Land, farm inputs, outputs, transportation, processing, packaging, marketing, consumption, and eating are crucial parts.

    Modern Food System

    • Operates on economic scale.
    • Aims to lower consumer costs and increase food production by maximizing production efficiency.
    • The complexity of a food system varies depending on the food itself.
    • Food often travels thousands of miles from production to consumption.

    Food Production, Supply, and Demand

    • In the past, people bought food from local farms or retail stores.
    • Food consumption was driven by supply.
    • With industrialization, people are farther away from production.
    • Food production has shifted from supply driven to consumer driven.

    Impact of a Broken Food System on Health

    • World hunger is on the rise.
    • The estimated number of undernourished people increased from 777 million in 2015 to 815 million in 2016.
    • Childhood and adult obesity is rising at an accelerating pace.
    • In 2016, 41 million children under 5 years old were overweight.
    • This is tied to the food industry focusing on profit rather than health and the health industry not focusing on the impact of food.

    Modern Food System and Health Determinants

    • The improvement in economic status drives people to consume more energy from meat and dairy products.
    • This leads to a modern diet richer in fats, sugar, and salt.
    • Sedentary lifestyles lower energy expenditure and contribute to obesity.
    • More crops are used to raise livestock.
    • More energy is used to process food, leading to a greater impact on the ecosystem and food production.

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    Related Documents

    Health Inequalities & Social Inequalities (2023 Past Paper)

    Description

    This quiz explores the determinants of health, focusing on the social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to individual and community well-being. It addresses the concept of health inequity, highlighting unjust differences in health status and the systemic nature of these disparities. Understanding these concepts is crucial for addressing health inequities through appropriate policies.

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