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Questions and Answers
What are the major causes of sickness and death in the 19th and early 20th centuries?
What major risk factors contribute to coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Physical inactivity, smoking, and raised blood cholesterol.
Socio-economic disadvantage can exacerbate health-damaging behaviors.
True
What does the health field model include?
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What are social determinants of health?
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Which factors can amplify risks related to COVID-19 according to the survey conducted in Turkey?
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Governments have no role in improving social and health equity.
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Which Arab countries reported health equity as part of their health goals?
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What is a significant burden that households in Arab countries face regarding healthcare?
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What are the segments of health system capacity in Arab countries?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Major causes of death have shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases like circulatory diseases, cancers, and respiratory diseases.
- Social and economic disadvantage contributes to unhealthy behaviors like smoking and poor nutrition.
- Social determinants of health play a significant role in health outcomes, exceeding the impact of scientific medicine.
Health Field Model
- This model highlights four key factors influencing health:
- Human Biology: Genetics
- Lifestyle: Human Behavior
- Health Services: Access and quality of healthcare
- Environment: Social, physical, and economic surroundings
Social Determinants of Health
- Factors influencing health outcomes include:
- Social Class
- Education
- Housing
- Transportation
- Physical Environment
- Employment
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Culture
- Social Capital
- Social Relations
Health Equity in the Arab World
- Arab countries struggle with health inequities, despite some stating health equity as a goal.
- Many countries focus on equal health services provision, neglecting wider social determinants of health.
- Interventions should focus on addressing social determinants, like supporting female education and employment instead of solely preaching against early marriage.
- Households bear a significant portion of healthcare costs, with out-of-pocket expenses reaching as high as 72% in some countries.
- Arab health systems are fragmented into public, military/special hospitals, private, and voluntary sectors.
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Description
Explore the major social determinants of health and their impact on health equity, particularly in the context of the Arab world. This quiz covers the shift from infectious to chronic diseases and emphasizes the role of socioeconomic factors in health outcomes.
