Podcast
Questions and Answers
Health conceptualizations and determinants influence _______________________________________.
Health conceptualizations and determinants influence _______________________________________.
the nature and the scope professional practice
Definitions of health can be classified in several ways; what do recent definitions reflect?
Definitions of health can be classified in several ways; what do recent definitions reflect?
recent definitions reflect a multidimensional perspective and a positive orientation
Name three recent approaches to health.
Name three recent approaches to health.
medical, behavioural, and socioenvironmenal
Behavioural approaches focus primarily on ___________.
Behavioural approaches focus primarily on ___________.
___________ approaches emphasize psychosocial factors and socioenvironmental conditions.
___________ approaches emphasize psychosocial factors and socioenvironmental conditions.
What are health determinants described as?
What are health determinants described as?
Health literacy involves ___________________ needed to exert control over life events and circumstances that influence health experience and health status.
Health literacy involves ___________________ needed to exert control over life events and circumstances that influence health experience and health status.
Canada is a leader in ever-changing views of health and health determinants.
Canada is a leader in ever-changing views of health and health determinants.
Health promotion differs from disease prevention.
Health promotion differs from disease prevention.
Name the three levels of disease prevention.
Name the three levels of disease prevention.
What are the five major categories of health promotion strategies identified by the Ottawa Charter?
What are the five major categories of health promotion strategies identified by the Ottawa Charter?
As a nurse working in a rural practice, what do you believe are some of the health issues that rural populations may experience? (Select all that apply.)
As a nurse working in a rural practice, what do you believe are some of the health issues that rural populations may experience? (Select all that apply.)
As you work with structurally vulnerable persons or populations who are living in poverty, what factors related to health disparities would you expect to encounter with this population group?
As you work with structurally vulnerable persons or populations who are living in poverty, what factors related to health disparities would you expect to encounter with this population group?
The majority of the Lazzer family is unable to work because of COVID-19 restrictions or chronic illnesses. What is the immediate primary health care concern for the Lazzer family?
The majority of the Lazzer family is unable to work because of COVID-19 restrictions or chronic illnesses. What is the immediate primary health care concern for the Lazzer family?
Which approach to health should you, as the nurse, focus on when caring for this family?
Which approach to health should you, as the nurse, focus on when caring for this family?
From a socioenvironmental perspective, what are the most concerning determinants of health for the Lazzer family? (Select all that apply.)
From a socioenvironmental perspective, what are the most concerning determinants of health for the Lazzer family? (Select all that apply.)
Which disease prevention level should you focus on to assess Joey Lazzer's COPD?
Which disease prevention level should you focus on to assess Joey Lazzer's COPD?
You inform the Lazzer family that there will be a COVID-19 vaccination clinic in the community next week. What level of prevention is being offered with this clinic?
You inform the Lazzer family that there will be a COVID-19 vaccination clinic in the community next week. What level of prevention is being offered with this clinic?
Which statement does NOT accurately describe the population health promotion model?
Which statement does NOT accurately describe the population health promotion model?
The Lazzer family lives 15 minutes away from town and is unable to access fresh produce. Considering their circumstances, which strategy would best improve the health of family members?
The Lazzer family lives 15 minutes away from town and is unable to access fresh produce. Considering their circumstances, which strategy would best improve the health of family members?
As a nurse who is a settler, you are aware that you are providing care to Indigenous members of this community who have experienced residential school trauma. Care that is absent of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities is referred to as which of the following:
As a nurse who is a settler, you are aware that you are providing care to Indigenous members of this community who have experienced residential school trauma. Care that is absent of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities is referred to as which of the following:
________________ is a key component of Canada's social safety net. All levels of government play a major role in _____________________ in accordance with the Canada Health Act
________________ is a key component of Canada's social safety net. All levels of government play a major role in _____________________ in accordance with the Canada Health Act
The Canada Health Act articulates the five principles of __________________________________.
The Canada Health Act articulates the five principles of __________________________________.
Where are health care services provided?
Where are health care services provided?
What are the five levels of health care?
What are the five levels of health care?
______________________________________ challenge the health care system in efforts to deliver innovative, efficient, and quality care.
______________________________________ challenge the health care system in efforts to deliver innovative, efficient, and quality care.
_________________________________ challenge the health care system.
_________________________________ challenge the health care system.
The primacy of PHC and home care align with the reforming health care environment and cost effectiveness.
The primacy of PHC and home care align with the reforming health care environment and cost effectiveness.
Successful health promotion and disease prevention programs help patients acquire healthier lifestyles and achieve optimal quality of life.
Successful health promotion and disease prevention programs help patients acquire healthier lifestyles and achieve optimal quality of life.
Sufficient, diverse, and qualified human health resources are essential for a culturally competent workforce attending to a culturally safe Canadian health care system.
Sufficient, diverse, and qualified human health resources are essential for a culturally competent workforce attending to a culturally safe Canadian health care system.
Enhancing the health of the Indigenous population in Canada is a significant challenge to society and to the health care system.
Enhancing the health of the Indigenous population in Canada is a significant challenge to society and to the health care system.
Nurses must continually seek out information and evidence to remain responsive to providing quality, culturally competent, and safe care.
Nurses must continually seek out information and evidence to remain responsive to providing quality, culturally competent, and safe care.
During a community health placement, a nursing student interacts with W.W. who tells the student about his upcoming hip replacement surgery. W.W. explains that he went to the preassessment clinic and that they connected him with community services such as Meals on Wheels, home care, and an outpatient physiotherapist. The nursing student understands that these services are important aspects of:
During a community health placement, a nursing student interacts with W.W. who tells the student about his upcoming hip replacement surgery. W.W. explains that he went to the preassessment clinic and that they connected him with community services such as Meals on Wheels, home care, and an outpatient physiotherapist. The nursing student understands that these services are important aspects of:
During W.W.'s preoperative assessment, the nurse explains the various roles of the interprofessional team members who will be involved in his care after his hip replacement. Which of the following team members would the nurse most likely indicate will be a part of the interprofessional team? (Select all that apply.)
During W.W.'s preoperative assessment, the nurse explains the various roles of the interprofessional team members who will be involved in his care after his hip replacement. Which of the following team members would the nurse most likely indicate will be a part of the interprofessional team? (Select all that apply.)
W.W.'s hip replacement is considered medically necessary in order for W.W. to maintain a good quality of life. The __________ currently ensures that Canadians do not have to out of pocket for medically necessary procedures.
W.W.'s hip replacement is considered medically necessary in order for W.W. to maintain a good quality of life. The __________ currently ensures that Canadians do not have to out of pocket for medically necessary procedures.
With his sister's help, W.W. has recently had to start caring for his 89-year-old mother, who is requiring increased assistance with her activities of daily living. At the clinic, W.W. expresses to the nurse that despite taking turns caring for their mother, both he and his sister are nearing exhaustion caring for her. As the nurse opens the dialogue on potential placements for his mother, it is obvious that there is a lack of understanding about the existence of community agencies such as ________, which might provide an alternative for this family.
With his sister's help, W.W. has recently had to start caring for his 89-year-old mother, who is requiring increased assistance with her activities of daily living. At the clinic, W.W. expresses to the nurse that despite taking turns caring for their mother, both he and his sister are nearing exhaustion caring for her. As the nurse opens the dialogue on potential placements for his mother, it is obvious that there is a lack of understanding about the existence of community agencies such as ________, which might provide an alternative for this family.
After W.W. surgery, he develops a postoperative infection that requires daily dressing changes. W.W. explains to the student nurse that he cannot manage the dressing changes on his own. Which community service should the student nurse communicate with to ensure that W.W. will have assistance with his daily dressing changes.
After W.W. surgery, he develops a postoperative infection that requires daily dressing changes. W.W. explains to the student nurse that he cannot manage the dressing changes on his own. Which community service should the student nurse communicate with to ensure that W.W. will have assistance with his daily dressing changes.
Connecting W.W. with appropriate community-based health services is important because: (Select all that apply.)
Connecting W.W. with appropriate community-based health services is important because: (Select all that apply.)
W.W. tells the nursing student that he has waited for a long time for this surgery and does not feel that the long wait time was accept-able. W.W. asks the nursing student if anything is being done to address surgical wait times. The nursing student tells W.W. that the following agencies have made efforts to reduce wait times, reduce duplication of tests, and support coordination of care: (Select all that apply.)
W.W. tells the nursing student that he has waited for a long time for this surgery and does not feel that the long wait time was accept-able. W.W. asks the nursing student if anything is being done to address surgical wait times. The nursing student tells W.W. that the following agencies have made efforts to reduce wait times, reduce duplication of tests, and support coordination of care: (Select all that apply.)
W.W. asks his nurse practitioner why his hip replacement surgery was covered, but his prescription glasses are not. The nurse practitioner explains that there are some health services that are generally not covered under the publicly funded health care system. Some of these noninsured services include: (Select all that apply.)
W.W. asks his nurse practitioner why his hip replacement surgery was covered, but his prescription glasses are not. The nurse practitioner explains that there are some health services that are generally not covered under the publicly funded health care system. Some of these noninsured services include: (Select all that apply.)
W.W. notices that the postoperative surgical unit is often short-staffed. W.W. expresses his concerns about this to the unit manager. This has been one of several similar complaints over the past 6 months, prompting management to request a brief report from the nurse manager on a human resources plan for the next 5 years. Which statements best represents the factors that should be mentioned?
W.W. notices that the postoperative surgical unit is often short-staffed. W.W. expresses his concerns about this to the unit manager. This has been one of several similar complaints over the past 6 months, prompting management to request a brief report from the nurse manager on a human resources plan for the next 5 years. Which statements best represents the factors that should be mentioned?
Two months after his hip replacement surgery, W.W. has a minor fall. W.W. is not injured after this incident, but he realizes that he needs to further improve his mobility to return to his previous level of function. W.W. expresses his concern to his nurse practitioner, who refers him to a physiotherapist. This is an example of which level of care?
Two months after his hip replacement surgery, W.W. has a minor fall. W.W. is not injured after this incident, but he realizes that he needs to further improve his mobility to return to his previous level of function. W.W. expresses his concern to his nurse practitioner, who refers him to a physiotherapist. This is an example of which level of care?
Nursing has responded to the health care needs of society, which have been influenced over time by economic, social, and cultural factors.
Nursing has responded to the health care needs of society, which have been influenced over time by economic, social, and cultural factors.
Nurses were involved in the delivery of unequal health care to Indigenous peoples in Canada through colonial medicine, including through the Indian hospital system.
Nurses were involved in the delivery of unequal health care to Indigenous peoples in Canada through colonial medicine, including through the Indian hospital system.
The ___________ of nursing shaped the establishment of the first nursing schools in Canada ____________.
The ___________ of nursing shaped the establishment of the first nursing schools in Canada ____________.
The development of a system of nursing education in Canada emerged from ________________________________________.
The development of a system of nursing education in Canada emerged from ________________________________________.
Baccalaureate as an entry-to-practice requirement for nursing has been fully implemented in English-speaking Canada.
Baccalaureate as an entry-to-practice requirement for nursing has been fully implemented in English-speaking Canada.
Where is basic nursing education acquired?
Where is basic nursing education acquired?
The case study described an incident of Indigenous-specific racism in health care. How can knowledge about colonial medicine in Canada assist the nurse with reflecting on experiences like the one described in this case study?
The case study described an incident of Indigenous-specific racism in health care. How can knowledge about colonial medicine in Canada assist the nurse with reflecting on experiences like the one described in this case study?
Intergenerational trauma is a reality for many Indigenous peoples in Canada because of colonial policies, residential schools, and unequal health care. Which of the following statements best describes your understanding of the Indian hospital system?
Intergenerational trauma is a reality for many Indigenous peoples in Canada because of colonial policies, residential schools, and unequal health care. Which of the following statements best describes your understanding of the Indian hospital system?
The establishment of the Indian hospital system was motivated by which of the following factors?
The establishment of the Indian hospital system was motivated by which of the following factors?
The case study reveals the needs for ongoing efforts to decolonize health care in Canada. Which of the following is a primary goal of the Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association, originally founded in the 1970s?
The case study reveals the needs for ongoing efforts to decolonize health care in Canada. Which of the following is a primary goal of the Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association, originally founded in the 1970s?
A successful community health nursing practice involves building relationships with the community members and being responsive to changes within the community.
A successful community health nursing practice involves building relationships with the community members and being responsive to changes within the community.
The principles of public health nursing practice support assisting individuals in acquiring a healthy environment in which to live.
The principles of public health nursing practice support assisting individuals in acquiring a healthy environment in which to live.
The public health nurse cares for the community as a whole and considers the individual or family to be one member of a population or potential group at risk.
The public health nurse cares for the community as a whole and considers the individual or family to be one member of a population or potential group at risk.
The home health nurses competence is based on decision making at the level of the individual client and their family.
The home health nurses competence is based on decision making at the level of the individual client and their family.
Within an ecological model of home health nursing, the individual is viewed within the larger systems of family, social network, community, and society.
Within an ecological model of home health nursing, the individual is viewed within the larger systems of family, social network, community, and society.
The primary care or family practice nurse collaborates in an ________________________, using a client-centered model to ______________________________and their navigation of community resources.
The primary care or family practice nurse collaborates in an ________________________, using a client-centered model to ______________________________and their navigation of community resources.
Marginalized individuals and their families are often made vulnerable by multiple forms of inequity.
Marginalized individuals and their families are often made vulnerable by multiple forms of inequity.
Flashcards
Health conceptualizations and determinants
Health conceptualizations and determinants
Influences the nature and scope of professional nursing practice.
Recent definitions of health
Recent definitions of health
Multidimensional perspective and a positive orientation.
Three recent approaches to health
Three recent approaches to health
Medical, behavioural, and socioenvironmental.
Behavioral approaches focus primarily on
Behavioral approaches focus primarily on
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Socioenvironmental approaches emphasize
Socioenvironmental approaches emphasize
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Health determinants are
Health determinants are
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Health literacy involves
Health literacy involves
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Canada is a leader in
Canada is a leader in
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Health promotion differs
Health promotion differs
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Three levels of disease prevention
Three levels of disease prevention
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Ottawa Charter's five health promotion strategies:
Ottawa Charter's five health promotion strategies:
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_______ is a key component of Canada's social safety net. All levels of government...
_______ is a key component of Canada's social safety net. All levels of government...
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The Canada Health Act articulates the five principles of __________________________________.
The Canada Health Act articulates the five principles of __________________________________.
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Health care services are provided in
Health care services are provided in
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The five levels of health care are
The five levels of health care are
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______________________________________ challenge the health care system...
______________________________________ challenge the health care system...
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_________________________________ challenge the health care system.
_________________________________ challenge the health care system.
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The primacy of PHC and home care align with
The primacy of PHC and home care align with
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Successful health promotion and disease prevention programs help
Successful health promotion and disease prevention programs help
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Sufficient, diverse, and qualified human health resources are
Sufficient, diverse, and qualified human health resources are
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Enhancing the health of the Indigenous population in Canada is
Enhancing the health of the Indigenous population in Canada is
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Nurses must continually seek out information and evidence to
Nurses must continually seek out information and evidence to
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Community services such as Meals on Wheels, home care, and an outpatient physiotherapist are important aspects of:
Community services such as Meals on Wheels, home care, and an outpatient physiotherapist are important aspects of:
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The __________ currently ensures that Canadians do not have to out of pocket for medically necessary procedures.
The __________ currently ensures that Canadians do not have to out of pocket for medically necessary procedures.
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Nurses were involved in the delivery of unequal health care to Indigenous peoples in Canada through
Nurses were involved in the delivery of unequal health care to Indigenous peoples in Canada through
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Unequal health care is a reality for the
Unequal health care is a reality for the
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The development of a system of nursing education in Canada emerged from ________________________________________.
The development of a system of nursing education in Canada emerged from ________________________________________.
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An important consideration in becoming an
An important consideration in becoming an
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A successful community health nursing practice involves
A successful community health nursing practice involves
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Assessment of a community includes _________________________________________ in relation to three elements: locale or structure, the social systems, and the people.
Assessment of a community includes _________________________________________ in relation to three elements: locale or structure, the social systems, and the people.
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Study Notes
Health Conceptualizations and Professional Practice
- Health conceptualizations and determinants influence the scope and nature of professional practice.
Definitions of Health
- Definitions of health can be classified in several ways.
- Recent definitions reflect a multidimensional perspective and a positive orientation.
Approaches to Health
- Three recent approaches to health are medical, behavioural, and socioenvironmental.
Behavioural Approaches
- Behavioural approaches primarily focus on health practices.
Socioenvironmental Approaches
- Socioenvironmental approaches emphasize psychosocial factors and socioenvironmental conditions.
Health Determinants
- Health determinants are intersectoral and interrelated.
Health Literacy
- Health literacy includes the functional, interactive, and critical abilities needed to exert control over life events and circumstances influencing health experiences and status.
Canada's Role
- Canada is a leader in ever-changing views of health and health determinants.
Health Promotion vs. Disease Prevention
- Health promotion differs from disease prevention.
Levels of Disease Prevention
- Primary prevention involves protection against disease.
- Secondary prevention includes activities that promote early detection.
- Tertiary prevention includes activities directed toward minimizing disability from disease and helping clients learn to live productively with their limitations.
Ottawa Charter's Health Promotion Strategies
- Building healthy public policies
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Reorienting health care services
Health Issues in Rural Populations
- Increased risk for injuries.
- Decreased cardiovascular disease.
Health Disparities and Poverty
- Lack of food security is expected when working with structurally vulnerable persons living in poverty.
Primary Health Care Concern
- Access to adequate health care is the immediate primary health care concern.
Approach to Health for the Family
- Focus on a socioenvironmental approach to health when caring for the family.
Socioenvironmental Determinants of Health
- Income and social status are the most concerning determinants of health for the family from a socioenvironmental perspective.
Disease Prevention Level for COPD Assessment
- Focus on tertiary prevention to assess COPD.
Prevention Level and Vaccination Clinics
- COVID-19 vaccination clinic offers primary prevention.
Population Health Promotion Model
- The model does not focus primarily on interventions at the societal level.
- It suggests action can address the full range of health determinants.
- It incorporates the health promotion strategies of the Ottawa Charter.
- It attempts to integrate population health and health promotion concepts.
Strategy to Improve Health
- Build healthy public policy to best improve the health of family members.
Health Equity
- Care absent of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities.
Medicare and Health Care Policy
- Medicare is a key component of Canada's social safety net.
- All levels of government play a major role in co-funding national health insurance and setting health care policy in accordance with the Canada Health Act.
Canada Health Act
- The Act articulates the five principles of health insurance: public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility.
- It forbids extra billing and user fees.
Health Care Service Delivery
- Health care services are provided in institutional, community, and home settings.
- Services are provided across all age groups and for individual, family, group, and community populations.
Levels of Health Care
- Promotive
- Preventive
- Curative
- Rehabilitative
- Supportive
Challenges to the Health Care System
- Escalating costs
- Technological innovations
- Consumer expectations
Challenges to the Health Care System
- Equality
- Equity
- Access
- Interdisciplinary approaches
- Communication
- Continuity of care
Reforming Health Care
- The primacy of PHC and home care align with the reforming health care environment and cost effectiveness.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Successful programs help patients acquire healthier lifestyles and achieve optimal quality of life.
Human Health Resources
- Sufficient, diverse, and qualified human health resources are essential for a culturally competent workforce attending to a culturally safe Canadian health care system.
Indigenous Population Health
- Enhancing the health of the Indigenous population in Canada is a significant challenge to society and to the health care system.
Nursing Practice
- Nurses must continually seek out information and evidence to remain responsive to providing quality, culturally competent, and safe care.
Community Services
- Such services are important aspects of acute care.
Interprofessional Team Members
- Occupational therapist
- Physiotherapist
- Pharmacist
- Medical-surgical nurse
Canada Health Act Ensures Coverage
- This Act ensures that Canadians do not have to pay out of pocket for medically necessary procedures.
Understanding Community Agencies
- It's important to understand the existence of community agencies such as adult day support, which might provide an alternative for a family.
Community Service for Assistance
- Communicate with Home Care to ensure assistance with daily dressing changes.
Importance of Community-Based Health Services
- Helps prevent unnecessary and costly hospitalizations
- Ensures recovery at home
- Is an important element of primary health
- Enables aging in place
Efforts to Reduce Surgical Wait Times
- Canadian Institute for Health Information
- Canada Health Infoway
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
Non-Insured Services
- Dental services
- Home care
- Medical transportation
- Medical equipment and appliances (i.e., wheelchairs, prostheses)
- Prescription drugs (outside of hospitals)
Human Resources Plan
- Work with aging nurses to transition them out of full-time work.
- Allow younger nurses to be mentored into their vacated positions.
- Increase the number of nurses being educated.
Level of Care
- This situation is an example of Level 4: Rehabilitation.
Influences on Health Care
- Nursing has responded to the health care needs of society, which have been influenced over time by economic, social, and cultural factors.
Unequal Health Care
- Nurses were involved in the delivery of unequal health care to Indigenous peoples in Canada through colonial medicine, including through the Indian hospital system.
Nursing Education Model
- The Nightingale model of nursing shaped the establishment of the first nursing schools in Canada in the late 1800s.
System of Nursing Education
- The development emerged from the early nursing sisterhoods and from schools of nursing associated with hospitals.
Baccalaureate Requirement
- Baccalaureate as an entry-to-practice requirement for nursing has been fully implemented in English-speaking Canada.
Basic Nursing Education
- Acquired in college, collaborative college-university, or university programs.
Context for Understanding
- History can provide the context needed to understand present-day issues in health care.
Understanding the Indian Hospital System
- Indian hospitals were separate, underfunded, and inadequate facilities for Indigenous patients.
Motivation for Establishing the Indian Hospital System
- Preventing the spread of epidemic disease from Indigenous to settler communities
Goal of the Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association
- To improve health care for Indigenous peoples
Successful Community Health Nursing
- Building relationships with the community members and being responsive to changes within the community.
Principles of Public Health Nursing Practice
- Support assisting individuals in acquiring a healthy environment in which to live.
Role of the Public Health Nurse
- Cares for the community as a whole.
- Considers the individual or family to be one member of a population or potential group at risk.
Competence of Home Health Nurses
- Based on decision making at the level of the individual client and their family.
Ecological Model of Home Health Nursing
- The individual is viewed within the larger systems of family, social network, community, and society.
Primary Care Nursing
- Collaborates in an interprofessional team and uses a client-centered model to promote clients' health and management of illness and their navigation of community resources.
Marginalized Individuals
- Often made vulnerable by multiple forms of inequity.
High-Priority Populations
- Also have capacities that can be protective for them and that should be recognized in any health promotion efforts.
Exacerbations of Chronic Health Problems
- Common among homeless people because they have access to fewer protective resources.
Important Principle
- Protection of the client at risk for or who may have suffered abuse.
Clients Engaging in Risky Behaviours
- Such as substance use may respond to a harm-reduction approach.
Understanding Health
- It is important to understand what health means to clients and what clients do to maintain their own.
Multidimensional Role
- Communication
- Facilitation
- Leadership
- Advocacy
- Consultation
- Collaboration
- Building capacity
- Building coalitions and networks
- Outreach
- Resource management
- Planning and coordination
- Case management
- Care/counselling
- Referral and follow-up
- Screening
- Surveillance
- Responding to health threats
- Health education
- Community development
- Policy development and implementation
- Research and evaluation activities
Community Assessment
- Includes assessing population health status and relevant determinants of health in relation to three elements: locale or structure, the social systems, and the people.
Effective Community Health Nurse
- To strive to understand clients' lives.
Population Health Approach
- Work with a small group of clients to design easy-to-read health promotion materials that they then distribute throughout the city.
Recognizing Health
- Kira's risk factors may intersect and have cumulative effects on her health.
- Kira is likely to have poorer health outcomes because of poor access to care.
Trauma-Informed Care
- Ensure that Kira knows that while the program has lots of options for her, it is Kira who decides for herself what kind of help she wants.
- Asks the questions in a nonjudgemental way, which makes Kira feel like an expert about her own body and drug use, making Kira more comfortable with answering the questions.
Implementing the Principles of Primary Health Care
- She collaborates with a vocational training agency and the shelter.
- She meets Kira at the shelter rather than at the health clinic.
Effective Community Health Nursing Practice
- Take time to build relationships with and respond to trends in the community.
Engaging in Community Nursing
- Building coalitions and networks.
Community Nursing Activity
- Coordination.
Community Assessment
- Locale or structure, social systems, and people.
Community Health Nursing Intervention
- Prevention.
Cultural Humility
- Be curious and open-minded about understanding Kira's substance use patterns and techniques.
Nursing Workforce
- Nursing is the largest single group of health care providers in Canada.
- Licensed practical nurses are the second largest nursing group.
Practical Nursing Recognition
- Recognized in the 1970s as a distinct profession that necessitates formal education.
Education Programs for Practical Nurses
- Have become longer and more complex.
- Are now diploma programs that are offered in postsecondary institutions.
Registered Nurses vs Practical Nurses
- Differ in the depth and breadth of their knowledge base.
Licensed Practical Nurses
- Have a strong foundation in clinical practice, decision making, and critical thinking.
Differentiating Nursing Practices
- Competencies, rather than tasks, are useful in differentiating registered nursing and practical nursing practice and in optimizing practice.
Practical Nurses
- Although primarily involved in direct care, practical nurses work in a range of roles and in increasingly diverse settings.
Autonomous Practice
- Through legislation, licensed practical nurses have autonomous practice and are accountable for their own practice.
Guiding Principles
- The practice is guided not only by the scope of practice but also by their knowledge and skills, organizational policies and job descriptions, and practice standards.
Necessary Dialogue
- Ongoing dialogue with organizations is necessary to create understanding about the current scopes of practice of licensed practical nurses, to optimize care, prevent frustration among practical nurses and prevent their early departure from the profession.
Self-Regulation
- A privilege that is entrusted to the regulatory bodies for the protection of the public interest, which includes ensuring that requirements for licensure and continuing competence are met.
Professional Growth
- Expected to continue professional growth and acquire a range of knowledge, skill, and judgement beyond that of minimal entry-level standards.
Practice Considerations
- Includes both interprofessional and interprofessional considerations.
Adapting Entry-Level Practice
- Ongoing change in the health care system and crises such as pandemics require the practical nursing profession to continue to adapt entry-level practice competencies and scope of practice.
Full Scope of Practice
- Lack of understanding can create gaps in the appropriate utilization of LPN knowledge and skills in patient care.
- Lack of understanding of the scope of practice of LPNs can lead to underutilization, job dissatisfaction, and early departure from nursing.
Hesitation
- Michelle is not fully aware of the current scope of practice for LPNS.
- Michelle may be unaware of Taylor's skills and knowledge in this area.
Key Question
- "I feel that you are hesitant about whether I should start the blood transfusion with my patient. Could you share your reasons with me?"
Factors Contributing to Inclusion
- The need of the health care systems for better preparation of LPNS
- Changes to the scope of practice for RNs
Individual Practice Consideration
- How Taylor has maintained skills, knowledge, and judgement in administration of blood products
Next Step
- The RN and the LPN will review organizational policies related to administration of blood.
Employer Steps
- Consult with other health care providers and stakeholders regarding impacts of optimization.
- Provide information and education to staff regarding current scopes of practice.
- Consider the benefits to patients of LPNs administering blood products.
- Determine what models of nursing care will support optimization.
Follow-Up Action
- Call the RN immediately.
Advanced Practice Area
- Completion of a certificate course in perioperative nursing.
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