Questions and Answers
Which of the following approaches to health focuses on lifestyle factors?
What is the most influential determinant of health according to the social determinants of health framework?
Which of the following therapies is not a common wellness therapy?
What is the primary goal of a population health approach?
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Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding history and context to understand social phenomena?
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What is a key principle of humanism in the context of health and wellness?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of social determinant of health?
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What is a key feature of age-friendly communities?
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What is a key aspect of the indigenous perspective on cultural and spiritual wellness?
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What is a key criterion for economic immigrants to be invited to Canada?
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What is one of the ways that music can improve emotional wellness?
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What is a common issue faced by refugees seeking admission to Canada?
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What is a key principle of trauma-informed care?
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What is a characteristic of hyperarousal in individuals who have experienced trauma?
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What is the purpose of special incentives for physicians in rural/remote areas under Canadian policy?
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What is the primary focus of the residual view of social welfare provision?
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What is the main difference between burnout and stress?
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Which learning theory is associated with the biopsychosocial model?
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What is the primary purpose of the transtheoretical model?
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What is the term for the stress resulting from helping or wanting to help traumatized people?
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What is the term for the process of taking on the symptoms of a client's trauma through empathetic positioning?
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What is the purpose of the wellness wheel?
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Study Notes
Dimensions of Wellness
- Social, emotional, physical, spiritual, occupational, environmental, and intellectual
Health and Wellness Therapies
- Common wellness therapies: music, art, physical recreation, mindfulness, animal therapy, WRAP (Wellness Recovery Action Plan), poetry, drama therapy, play therapy, psychoeducation
Health and Aging
Approaches to Health
- Medical (medical interventions)
- Behavioural (lifestyle factors)
- Socio-environmental (health and social structures)
Social Determinants of Health
- Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age (including healthcare system)
- Influenced by distribution of money, responsible for health inequities
- Most influential determinant: income and social status
- Types of determinants: social support networks, education and literacy, employment and job security, social environments, physical environment
Theories and Perspectives
Critical Social Theory
- Must understand history and context to understand social phenomena
Humanism
- Caring by engaging in relationships that promote self-discovery/actualization (based on unconditional positive regard), affirms dignity/worth/uniqueness/potential
Feminism
- Empowers and confronts systemic injustices, i.e. patriarchy, colonialism
Post-colonial Perspectives
- Attend to social conditions related to colonization and trauma/racism/discrimination
Seniors
- Age-friendly communities: inclusion, choice, and self-determination, diversity, safety, and security, better connection to transportation, consumer protection programs
Social Welfare
Public Welfare System
- 3 levels, "public" non-government agencies
Private Welfare System
- Includes non-profit and for-profit organizations
Approaches to Social Welfare Provision
- Residual view: limited/temporary response to need
- Institutional view: provide necessary services for standard of living and health
Types of Social Welfare Programs
- Universal (available to everyone in specific category)
- Selective (must be found to be in need, take needs test)
Burnout, Stress, and Compassion Fatigue
- Burnout vs. stress: related but not the same
- Secondary traumatic stress: stress resulting from helping/wanting to help traumatized/suffering people, alternative name PTSD
- Vicarious trauma: when helper takes on symptoms of client's trauma (empathetic positioning)
Health and Wellness Engagement
Learning Theories
- Behavioural: biopsychosocial model
- Social learning
- Cognitive
- Psychodynamic: interactions and reflections
Stages of Change
- Transtheoretical model: behaviour change conceptualized as a process that unfolds over time and involves progression through a series of 5 changes:
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Wellness Wheel
- Visual guide to better understand 7 dimensions/areas of an individual's life that make up their overall health (common characteristics, identities, behaviours)
Immigration
Economic Immigrants
- Point system, highest scores invited to Canada
- Criteria examples: age, education, EN/FR language skill, work experience, family in Canada, PS education in Canada, job offer
Refugees
- Forced to leave homes (cannot return), screened first
- Admission/legal status settlement issues:
- War on Terror and focus on security - policies
- Safe Third Country Agreement
- Reuniting families
- Access to professions and trades
- Racism and obtaining 'legal' status
- Anti-immigrant/refugee sentiment
Trauma-Informed Care
- Differential treatment: natural disasters and "human design" trauma
- Hyperarousal: increased startle response, being "on alert", prolonged/constant stress responses
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Description
Explore different aspects of health and wellness, including therapies, health promotion, and disease prevention. Learn about wellness models and strategies for overall wellbeing.
