Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which social determinant of health directly relates to an individual's capacity to understand and act on health-related information?
Which social determinant of health directly relates to an individual's capacity to understand and act on health-related information?
- Neighborhood environment
- Education (correct)
- Healthcare access
- Economic stability
A public health campaign that distributes free flu vaccines each year in a community represents which level of prevention?
A public health campaign that distributes free flu vaccines each year in a community represents which level of prevention?
- Secondary prevention
- Primary prevention (correct)
- Quaternary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
Which data collection method would be considered primary data?
Which data collection method would be considered primary data?
- Using census data to determine population demographics
- Reviewing information from governmental health surveys.
- Analyzing previously published research articles.
- Conducting interviews with patients about their experiences. (correct)
Differences in health outcomes that are avoidable, unfair, and unjust are best described as:
Differences in health outcomes that are avoidable, unfair, and unjust are best described as:
In the epidemiological triangle, what constitutes the 'host' element?
In the epidemiological triangle, what constitutes the 'host' element?
What characteristic of a pathogen determines the severity of the disease it causes?
What characteristic of a pathogen determines the severity of the disease it causes?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the most fundamental need that must be met first?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the most fundamental need that must be met first?
Which type of epidemiological study is most suitable for examining population-level factors and their association with health outcomes?
Which type of epidemiological study is most suitable for examining population-level factors and their association with health outcomes?
Which of the following best describes 'wellness' according to the provided information?
Which of the following best describes 'wellness' according to the provided information?
According to the Social Ecological Model (SEM), which level directly considers the impact of family and social networks on health behaviors?
According to the Social Ecological Model (SEM), which level directly considers the impact of family and social networks on health behaviors?
What is the primary distinction between health promotion and health education?
What is the primary distinction between health promotion and health education?
In public health, what does an interprofessional approach emphasize?
In public health, what does an interprofessional approach emphasize?
Which of the following is a primary focus of the public health model?
Which of the following is a primary focus of the public health model?
Which concept reflects the ability of a community to collectively address and solve its health-related problems?
Which concept reflects the ability of a community to collectively address and solve its health-related problems?
How does incidence differ from prevalence when measuring disease in a population?
How does incidence differ from prevalence when measuring disease in a population?
Measures such as 'crude mortality rate' and 'age-adjusted mortality rate' are used to assess which aspect of population health?
Measures such as 'crude mortality rate' and 'age-adjusted mortality rate' are used to assess which aspect of population health?
Flashcards
Health
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just absence of disease.
Wellness
Wellness
The active pursuit of optimal health across physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and social domains.
Quality of Life
Quality of Life
A broad concept encompassing overall life satisfaction, health status, economic stability, and personal fulfillment.
Social Ecological Model (SEM)
Social Ecological Model (SEM)
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Health Promotion
Health Promotion
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Interprofessionality
Interprofessionality
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Incidence
Incidence
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Morbidity
Morbidity
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Social Determinants of Health
Social Determinants of Health
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Types of Prevention
Types of Prevention
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Primary Data
Primary Data
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Health Disparities
Health Disparities
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Epidemiological Triangle
Epidemiological Triangle
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Virulence
Virulence
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Herd Immunity
Herd Immunity
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Study Notes
Health, Wellness, and Quality of Life
- Health is complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.
- Wellness is actively pursuing optimal health, including physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and social well-being.
- Quality of life involves overall life satisfaction, health, economic stability, and personal fulfillment.
Social Ecological Model (SEM) and Applications
- SEM considers multiple levels influencing health behaviors: individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, and policy levels.
- It's used in public health interventions like obesity prevention, smoking cessation, and violence reduction.
Health Promotion vs. Health Education
- Health Promotion is a broad approach involving policies, environments, and education to improve health.
- Health Education focuses specifically on disseminating knowledge to promote healthier behaviors.
Interprofessionality and Multidisciplinary Approach
- Interprofessionality involves collaboration between health professionals (doctors, nurses, social workers) for integrated care.
- A multidisciplinary approach involves different fields working together on health issues (epidemiologists, policymakers, community workers).
Public Health Model vs. Medical Model
- The Public Health Model focuses on prevention, population health, and social determinants.
- The Medical Model focuses on treating individuals through diagnosis and interventions.
Community Capacity and Related Concepts
- Community capacity is a community's ability to address and solve health issues.
- Social connectedness is the strength of relationships and sense of belonging.
- Community empowerment increases community control over health determinants.
Incidence and Prevalence
- Incidence is the number of new cases in a population over time (cohort studies).
- Prevalence is the total number of existing cases at a specific time (cross-sectional studies).
Morbidity and Mortality
- Morbidity is the presence of disease or illness in a population.
- Measures include incidence rate and prevalence rate.
- Mortality is death rates.
- Measures include crude mortality rate, age-adjusted mortality rate, and cause-specific mortality rate.
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
- Non-medical factors influencing health outcomes include economic stability, education, health care access, neighborhood environment, and social context.
Types of Prevention
- Primary Prevention aims to prevent disease before it starts, like vaccines and health education.
- Secondary Prevention detects and intervenes early on, such as screenings.
- Tertiary Prevention reduces disease complications through interventions like rehabilitation.
Primary and Secondary Data
- Primary data is collected firsthand (surveys, interviews).
- Secondary data is pre-existing (census reports, hospital records).
Health Disparities and Health Equity
- Health disparities are differences in health outcomes due to social, economic, or environmental disadvantages.
- Health equity ensures everyone has equal chances to achieve optimal health.
Epidemiological Triangle
- Explains disease causes by considering the agent (pathogen), host (organism affected), and environment (external factors that influence spread).
Characteristics of Pathogens
- Virulence is the severity of the disease.
- Infectivity is the ability to infect a host.
- Pathogenicity is the ability to cause disease.
- Transmission modes include airborne and vector-borne means.
Immunity and Herd Immunity
- Immunity is the body's ability to resist infection.
- Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of a population is immune, protecting the susceptible.
Leading Causes of Death
- Globally, heart disease, stroke, and lower respiratory infections are common.
- In the U.S., heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries are leading causes.
Health Literacy
- Health literacy is the ability to access, understand, and use health information for decisions.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- A model of human motivation with levels: physiological needs, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Four Types of Epidemiological Studies
- Descriptive studies (case reports, cross-sectional studies)
- Analytical studies (cohort, case-control studies)
- Experimental studies (clinical trials)
- Ecological studies (examine population-level factors).
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