Health and Wellness
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Questions and Answers

According to the Health Promotion Model, health is defined as:

  • A positive, dynamic state (correct)
  • A static state of well-being
  • A negative absence of illness
  • The absence of disease

    • According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which needs take precedence over needs of love and belonging?

  • Physiological needs (correct)
  • Self-actualization needs
  • Safety needs
  • Esteem needs

    • How does the Holistic Health Model empower patients?

  • By disregarding patients' subjective experiences
  • By not considering patients' cultural aspects
  • By prioritizing physical aspects over emotional and spiritual aspects
  • By putting patients at the center of their care (correct)

    • What are some widely used holistic interventions according to the text?

    <p>Therapeutic touch, guided imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which internal variables influence a person's health beliefs and practices?

    <p>Cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Health Promotion Model focus on?

    <p>Individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions, and behavioral outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a person's developmental stage sometimes differ from their chronological age?

    <p>It is influenced by their ability to participate in self-care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences a patient's beliefs about health, including knowledge or misinformation about body functions and illnesses?

    <p>Cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects an individual's values and beliefs, the relationships established with family and friends, and the ability to find hope or meaning in life?

    <p>Spirituality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of social determinants of health (SDOH) includes economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, social and community context, and neighborhood and built environment?

    <p>Social and community context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences a patient's beliefs about causes of illness and remedies or practices to restore health?

    <p>Cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health by motivating them to engage in healthy activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition?

    <p>Health promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Health Belief Model, what is the first component that addresses an individual's perception of an illness?

    <p>Perception of susceptibility to the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Influences on an individual's perception of the seriousness of an illness, as per the Health Belief Model, include all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>Cues to action from medical professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the likelihood that a person will take preventive action according to the Health Belief Model?

    <p>Perception of the benefits of taking action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Health Belief Model define the second component?

    <p>Perception of the seriousness of the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be an example of a preventive action as per the Health Belief Model?

    <p>Increased adherence to medical therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Health Belief Model, what modifies an individual's perception of the seriousness of the illness?

    <p>Perceived threats of the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a passive health promotion strategy?

    <p>Fluoridation of municipal drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of prevention involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability?

    <p>Tertiary prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a modifiable risk factor?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is an example of secondary prevention?

    <p>Identifying people who have a new case of a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of primary prevention?

    <p>To reduce the incidence of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of a health promotion activity for older adults?

    <p>Promoting holistic health promotion programs such as community-based exercise programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about chronic diseases?

    <p>Many chronic diseases are related to poor nutrition, excessive alcohol use, and physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the illness career in response to a chronic disease?

    <p>An individual's journey of adjusting and adapting to the effects of the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do external variables influence a patient's illness behavior?

    <p>They affect a patient's ability to carry out prescribed treatments and therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do patients with acute diseases and chronic diseases have in common?

    <p>Both seek health care and adhere to therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nursing in relation to chronic diseases?

    <p>To educate patients on how to manage their diseases to reduce the occurrence or improve the severity of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do patients' social groups influence their illness behaviors?

    <p>They help patients accept or deny the threat of their diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do patients and families generally react to prolonged role changes caused by illness?

    <p>They require specific counseling and guidance to cope with the role changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a disease or illness on a patient's or family member's self-concept?

    <p>It can lead to tension or conflict within the family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is body image in the context of illness?

    <p>It is the subjective concept of physical appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do patients generally adjust to profound changes in body image, such as after a leg amputation or mastectomy?

    <p>They experience shock initially, followed by gradual acceptance of the loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral change in a father who has a cold?

    <p>He becomes irritable and prefers not to interact with his family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some emotional and behavioral changes associated with life-threatening or chronic diseases?

    <p>Anxiety, shock, denial, and withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptive coping mechanism that helps a patient adjust to a profound change in body image?

    <p>Withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to role reversal in families when a member is diagnosed with a disease or becomes ill?

    <p>The usual activities being carried out by another family member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if a patient's self-concept changes because of illness?

    <p>The patient no longer meets family expectations, leading to tension or conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do families generally function during times of disease and illness?

    <p>They require specific counseling and guidance to cope with the stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Promotion Model

    • Health is defined as a dynamic state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
    • Focuses on encouraging healthy behaviors and motivation for routine exercise and good nutrition.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Physiological needs take precedence over needs for love and belonging.

    Holistic Health Model

    • Empowers patients by promoting active participation in their health care and healing processes.
    • Encourages consideration of emotional, spiritual, and physical dimensions of health.

    Holistic Interventions

    • Widely used interventions may include mindfulness, nutrition counseling, and alternative therapies like acupuncture.

    Internal Variables Influencing Health Beliefs

    • Genetics, developmental stage, family history, and personal experiences are key factors.

    Developmental Stage vs. Chronological Age

    • A person’s developmental stage may not align with their chronological age due to individual experiences, health status, or environmental factors.

    Influences on Health Beliefs

    • Knowledge, misinformation, cultural beliefs, and individual experiences shape beliefs about health and illness.

    Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

    • Economic stability, education access, health care access, social context, and neighborhood environment are categorized under SDOH.

    Beliefs about Illness Causes

    • Family, culture, education, and personal experiences influence beliefs regarding illness causes and remedies.

    Health Belief Model

    • The first component addresses perceived susceptibility to an illness.
    • A person's belief in the seriousness of an illness is influenced by personal experiences, societal norms, and peer opinions.

    Preventive Action Example

    • Regular health screenings exemplify preventive actions as per the Health Belief Model.

    Health Perception Modifiers

    • Factors such as past experiences, cultural beliefs, and external information can modify perceptions of illness seriousness.

    Passive Health Promotion Strategy

    • Information dissemination through community health campaigns serves as a passive health promotion strategy.

    Levels of Prevention

    • Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing the impacts of long-term diseases or disabilities.

    Modifiable Risk Factor

    • Examples include smoking cessation and controlling high blood pressure.

    Secondary Prevention Activity

    • Regular screenings, such as mammograms, to detect disease early is an example of secondary prevention.

    Primary Prevention Goal

    • Aims to prevent diseases before they occur through health education and vaccinations.

    Health Promotion for Older Adults

    • Encouraging physical activity and regular health check-ups are vital health promotion activities.

    Chronic Diseases

    • Chronic diseases typically require ongoing management and can significantly alter quality of life.

    Illness Career

    • The illness career encompasses the trajectory a patient experiences in relation to chronic disease, including adaptation and coping.

    External Variables and Illness Behavior

    • Social support, cultural influences, and media representations can shape a patient’s behavior regarding illness.

    Commonalities in Acute and Chronic Diseases

    • Both types of diseases often require patient education, lifestyle adjustments, and emotional support for patients and families.

    Nursing Roles in Chronic Diseases

    • Nurses play a critical role in managing care, providing education, and offering support to patients with chronic diseases.

    Influence of Social Groups

    • Patients’ social circles can positively or negatively impact their illness behaviors, motivation, and access to resources.

    Family Reactions to Prolonged Role Changes

    • Families may face stress and adaptation challenges when a member experiences illness or significant role changes.

    Impact on Self-Concept

    • Diseases or illnesses can severely affect a patient’s self-identity and how they perceive their abilities and appearance.

    Body Image and Illness

    • Body image refers to how individuals view their physical self, which can be altered due to illness.

    Adjustment to Body Image Changes

    • Patients often utilize coping mechanisms to adapt to significant changes, such as those from surgery or trauma.

    Behavioral Changes in Illness

    • Emotional responses, such as irritability or withdrawn behavior, can emerge during illnesses like colds.

    Coping Mechanisms

    • Adaptive coping strategies include seeking support and engaging in activities that foster resilience and acceptance.

    Role Reversal in Illness

    • Illness can lead to changes in family dynamics, often resulting in role reversals where responsibilities shift among family members.

    Changing Self-Concept Due to Illness

    • A shift in self-concept can lead to challenges in relationships, self-esteem, and overall mental health.

    Family Functionality during Illness

    • Families may experience stress or cohesion, depending on the support systems in place and how they navigate healthcare challenges.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of illness prevention and health promotion activities, including immunization programs, blood pressure screenings, and passive and active strategies. Explore the impact of fluoridation of drinking water and fortification of milk on public health.

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