midterm review notes.docx

[Special Topics in SSW - Midterm review notes ] **Week 2: Child welfare, social policy & welfare** - CW definition - govt & private services w/ aim to protect child & encourage family stability - CW activities/services: - Family support (ex. counselling) - Child protection -- assist...

[Special Topics in SSW - Midterm review notes ] **Week 2: Child welfare, social policy & welfare** - CW definition - govt & private services w/ aim to protect child & encourage family stability - CW activities/services: - Family support (ex. counselling) - Child protection -- assisting & investigating - Child placement - Adoption - Foster care - Competing demands -- protecting children from abuse & neglect while maintaining rights of family - Best interest & safety of child principle -- remains central to child welfare investigation & intervention Welfare state - Definition: system of govt where state takes responsibility for health & wellbeing of citizens (esp vulnerable, marginalized, oppressed) - Govt - protection & advancement of social & economic wellbeing of citizens (based on principles of equal opportunity & redistribution of wealth) - 2 key elements - social services & non-monetary personal/community services - Income security & supports - Social safety net: social policies & programs developed to deliver social services & income security supports together - Social policies: overall rules & regulations, laws, administrative directives that set framework for state social welfare activity - Ex. universal health care (OHIP) - Social programs: specific initiatives & activities that follow from/implement specific social welfare policies - Ex. special incentives for physicians in rural/remote areas under Canadian policy - Public welfare system -- 3 levels, "public" non-govt agencies - Private welfare system -- includes non-profit & for profit orgs - 2 approaches to social welfare provision - **Residual view** - limited/temporary response to need - **Institutional view** - provide necessary services for standard of living & health - 2 types of social welfare programs: **universal** (available to everyone in specific category), **selective** (must be found to be in need, take needs test) **Week 3:** **Pt 1 - Burnout, stress, compassion fatigue, & vicarious trauma** **Pt 2 -- Health & wellness engagement** Burnout vs. stress - Related but not the same - **Secondary traumatic stress** - stress resulting from helping/wanting to help traumatized/suffering ppl, alternative name PTSD - **Vicarious trauma** -- when helper takes on symptoms of client's trauma (empathetic positioning) **Pt. 2** Learning theories - Behavioural -- biopsychosocial model - Social learning - Cognitive - Psychodynamic -- interactions & reflections Stages of change - Transtheoretical model - behaviour change conceptualized as a process that unfolds over time & involves progression thru a series of 5 changes: 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance - Can represent a period of time, a set of tasks to accomplish before moving onto the next stage - Wellness wheel - Visual guide to better understand 7 dimensions/areas of an individual's life that makeup their overall health (common characteristics, identities, behaviours) - Wellness -- aspects of who we are i.e. social, emotional, physical, spiritual, occupational, environmental, intellectual - Common wellness therapies - Health & wellness therapies (non-traditional), music, art, physical recreation, mindfulness, animal therapy, WRAP (Wellness Recovery Action Plan), poetry, drama therapy, play therapy, psychoeducation **Week 4: Health & aging** - Health promotion & prevention -- increasing wellbeing & self-actualization, focusing on empowerment - Disease prevention -- proactive action to avoid illness/disease - Approaches to health -- **medical** (medical interventions), **behavioural** (lifestyle factors), **socio-environmental** (health & social structures) - Social determinants of health - Conditions in which ppl are born, grow, live, work, age (including healthcare system) - Influenced by distribution of \$, responsible for health inequities - Population health approach -- improve health of a pop. & reduce health inequities among pop. groups - **Most influential determinant -- income & social status** - Types of determinants -- social support networks, education & literacy, employment & job security, social environments, physical environment - **Critical social theory** -- must understand history & context to understand social phenomena - Humanism -- caring by engaging in relationships that promote self-discovery/actualization (based on **unconditional positive regard**), affirms dignity/worth/uniqueness/potential - Feminism -- empowers & confronts systemic injustices, i.e. patriarchy, colonialism - Post-colonial perspectives - attend to social conditions related to colonization & trauma/racism/discrimination Seniors - Age friendly communities, inclusion, choice & self-determination, diversity, safety & security, better connection to transportation, consumer protection programs (esp. for tech), strengthening elder abuse prevention, Power of Attorney education, social connectedness **Week 5** **Pt. 1: Biopsychosocial aspects of addiction** **Pt. 2: Music therapy** The addiction cycle - Person feels caught in behaviour -- doesn't want/can't seem to control/stop it - Negative impacts - preoccupation/compulsion w/ behaviour, impairment of behavioural control, persistence w/ or relapse to behaviour, craving/irritability in absence of behaviour - Negative outcomes re: -- job, family, health, financial, legal, etc. - Negative impacts of use contribute to more use, cycle continues Biopsychosocial model - Biology -- genetic differences, addictive behaviour (can change brain) - Biology/psychology: - Neuropathways of addiction -- medical routes to eliminate urge, counter euphoric effects of substances, help w/ withdrawal, eliminate urge to relapse - Ex. methadone, benzodiazepines, etc. - Dopamine -- pleasure chemical - "Incentive salience" (wanting) - Parkinson's cause by loss of dopamine-secreting neurons - Schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine - Cocaine blocks receptors & makes it accumulate between neurons (euphoria) - **Directly/indirectly increase levels of dopamine is common feature of all drugs abused** - Mesolimbic system associated w/ addiction/experience/cravings/compulsion - **Sensitization** -- repeated administration gives increased effects @ same dose - **Tolerance** -- more substance to get same effect/less effect @ same dose - Psychology: - Behaviour perspective -- reward & reinforcement - Values-based interventions & contingency-reward intervention -- based on motivation, perception, expectancy, reward, meaning - Controversy & stigma -- addiction often viewed as choice - Social: - Determinates of health -- increase risk/support resilience i.e. friends/family, work, faith community, etc. - Cultural & spiritual: - Different definitions/aspects -- id'ing w/ specific cultural groups/practices & culture of group/org/society - Indigenous perspective -- forcible cultural separation - Social factors i.e. non-smoking laws, safe consumption sites, public health education/policies **Pt. 2** - 5 ways music can improve wellness -- auditory, physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual **Week 6:** **Pt. 1 -- Immigration** **Pt. 2 -- Trauma-informed care** - Economic immigrants -- point system, highest scores invited to Canada - Criteria examples -- age, education, EN/FR language skill, work experience, family in Canada, PS education in Canada, job offer - Sponsor relatives to immigrate (provide for them) -- spouse/partner, children, parents/grandparents, etc. - Refugees -- forced to leave homes (cannot return), screened 1^st^ - Admission/legal status settlement issues: - War on Terror & focus on security - policies - Safe Third Country Agreement - Reuniting families - Access to professions & trades - Racism & obtaining 'legal' status - Anti-immigrant/refugee sentiment **Pt. 2** Issues of trauma & trauma informed care - Differential treatment -- natural disasters & "human design" trauma - Hyperarousal: increased startle response, being "on alert", prolonged/constant stress responses - Baseline altered = high stress hormones at rest, effects on mind & body, i.e. mood regulation, sleep disturbances, anxiety, fears, sensory challenges Intrusion - Not common modern language but relevant - Symptoms -- triggers, flashbacks, intrusive memories, distortion (sense of time) - Flight/fight/freeze Terms - **Constriction**: state of surrender/shut down, calm detachment, keeps traumatic memory out of conscious awareness (impedes healing process) - **Dialectic of trauma**: push & pull between intrusion & constriction Trauma umbrella - Experience overwhelms/undermines capacity to cope -- single & complex trauma - Intergenerational -- epigenetics/family - Any point in life -- child abuse, neglect, witnessing violence, accidents, natural disasters, war, unexpected loss, relationships, sexual abuse, etc. - **ACES Adverse Childhood Experiences** -- i.e. abuse, neglect, household disfunction - Increase health risks - **Post-traumatic growth**: positive change/resilience in face of trauma