Health and Obesity Quiz

Nutrition

• Healthy eating leads to a healthy lifestyle
• Obesity is a chronic disease, occurring when a person's body fat is excessive, hindering health
• Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 or higher, but less than 30 is considered overweight
• BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.
• BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters.

Objectives

• Differentiate obesity from eating disorders
• Recognize early warning signs of obesity and eating disorders
• Apply tools for making wise food choices (e.g., pinggang, Pinoy food pyramid, MyPlate)
• Understand the significance of optimizing health through nutrition

What is Obesity?

• Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by consuming more calories than the body burns through daily activities, storing extra calories as fat.
• BMI of 30 or higher indicates obesity.
• Obesity elevates the risk of serious medical conditions like Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, certain cancers, bone health issues, and reproductive problems.
• Treatment options involve dietary changes, increased physical activity, psychological support, anti-obesity medications, and bariatric surgery.

Obesity in the Philippines

• In the Philippines, 10% of children aged 13-15 are overweight, and 3% are obese (NSCB 2010).
• These rates, while relatively low compared to other countries, still pose a concern.
• Easier access to sugary and processed foods contributes to weight gain, a newer form of malnutrition.
• This often coexists with undernutrition from shifts away from local and traditional foods towards higher-salt, sugar, and fat-containing processed foods.

Types of Diseases

• Coronary Heart Disease: Caused by atherosclerosis, leading to artery narrowing, chest pain, or heart attacks.
• Stroke: Sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by interrupted or severely reduced blood flow to the brain.
• Type 2 Diabetes: A chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels.
• Cancer: A large number of diseases where abnormal cells divide uncontrollably
• Hypertension: Consistently elevated blood pressure (resting systolic above 140 and diastolic above 90 mmHg).
• Sleep Apnea: A chronic condition where breathing is interrupted during sleep.

Eating Disorders

• Obesity is a global epidemic, but other eating disorders exist due to body dissatisfaction.
• Body image issues lead some individuals to adopt extreme measures like anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating.
• Anorexia Nervosa: Obsessive desire to lose weight through refusing to eat or self-starvation. It is characterized by dramatic weight loss, anxiety about gaining weight, persistent comments about feeling overweight or fat (despite weight loss), a denial of hunger, and dieting as the top concern
• Bulimia: Periods of overeating followed by purging, using self-induced vomiting or laxatives to control weight. It is characterized by evidence of excessive food consumption (e.g., food wrappers or containers) and evidence of purging (frequent trips to bathroom after meals, signs or smells of vomiting, laxative use or diuretic use).
• Binge Eating: Consumption of large amounts of food in short periods, in an uncontrolled manner. It is characterized by stealing or hoarding food, the creation of specific schedules or rituals to plan for binge episodes and engaging in repetitive dieting or sporadic fasting .

Dysfunctional Eating

• Dysfunctional eating involves restrictive, compulsive, or inflexible eating patterns, often stemming from dieting.
• It includes behaviors like fasting, bingeing, or skipping meals, creating chaotic eating patterns.

Consistent Eating Patterns

• Consistent Undereating: Failure to respond to hunger cues, consuming less than required daily.
• Consistent Overeating: Responding to overeating cues, consuming more than the body's daily needs.

Hypertension and Water Intake

• Hypertension can be asymptomatic for years, leading to sudden heart attacks or strokes.
• Prevention and management reduce complications.
• Water intake guidelines vary by age. (Data for males and female)

Dehydration

• Dehydration occurs when the body lacks sufficient water and other fluids, affecting bodily functions.
• Common causes include diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, fever, excessive urination, and certain medications.
• Symptoms include thirst, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, dark urine, sunken eyes, dry skin, dizziness, and fainting.

Filipino Food Guide

• A pyramid-style guide to healthy eating emphasizing Filipino ingredients.
• The pyramid components include herbs, spices, healthy oils, grains, proteins, and colorful fruits and vegetables.

Healthy Daily Menu

• Breakfast, lunch, and dinner suggestions emphasizing healthy food choices.
  • Breakfast example: Oatmeal with fruit and low-fat milk.
  • Lunch example: Salad with grilled chicken or tofu.
  • Dinner example: Grilled fish or tempeh with broccoli and sweet potato.

Tips for Healthy Food Preparation

• Pay attention to nutrition labels.
• Choose healthy cooking methods.
• Choose fresh food
• Pay attention to the color of vegetables and fruits.