Obesity and Related Factors

Excessive amount of adipose tissue in relation to a person's total body mass. Typically determined by Metropolitan Height and Weight Tables.

An assessment of body fat based on height and weight. Used as a screening tool to identify possible weight problems in adults.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism refers to the amount of energy your body burns to maintain itself, which is essential for weight control. A higher metabolic rate helps burn more calories, making it easier to maintain a healthy weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For every 9.3 calories of excess energy entering the body, 1 gram of fat is stored. A pound of fat is equivalent to 3,500 calories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth of adipose tissue involves an increase in both cell size and cell number. As we gain weight, primarily through increased cell size and then through the production of more cells if the size gets excessive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus monitors blood levels of leptin and insulin, which increase or decrease in proportion to the amount of body fat a person has.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptin regulates circuits in the hypothalamus that stimulate and inhibit eating and metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin, produced by the pancreas, has a smaller effect on the hypothalamus than leptin, but it also regulates blood sugar levels, glucose's conversion to fat, and fat storage in adipose tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuropeptide Y is thought to trigger eating by manipulating appetite, possibly resulting from changes in mood and stress levels. It might also contribute to increased fat deposition from food calories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Set Point Theory proposes that humans have a biologically preset body weight, and this weight will be expressed in a range that person's weight appears to fluctuate within.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the number of adipose cells increases primarily in childhood and adolescence, diets during this time are especially critical. Obese children have fat cells as large as adults and gain weight by adding fat cells, unlike normal-weight children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat cell hyperplasia is a condition with too many fat cells, which could lead to struggling with a high set point for the rest of one's life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral fidgeting and childhood behaviors can also influence eating habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating about nutrition is essential for individuals to make informed choices about their dietary intake, helping them build healthy eating habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calories are units of heat energy that all foods contain. Different foods have varying calorie levels, and understanding these differences is crucial for weight management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates serve as the body's primary source of energy, primarily from grains, potatoes, fruits, milk, and, to a lesser extent, vegetables and legumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rice, wheat, rye, barley, oats, beans, and peas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins rebuild, repair, and replace the body's cells, and are necessary for tissue growth, retaining lean muscle, generating hormones, immune functions, and providing a source of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats are the three main types. Saturated and monounsaturated fats are adequately synthesized by the body and are not necessary in the diet, while polyunsaturated fats play a role in brain function and normal growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides, omega-3 fatty acids, and trans-fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides are found in most fats we consume and have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omega-3 fatty acids, found in high levels in fish, have been shown to reduce serum triglycerides and raise HDL, which is known as 'good cholesterol', offering potential benefits for heart health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trans-fatty acids, found in some oils like margarine, increase LDL ('bad cholesterol') and lower HDL ('good cholesterol'), potentially contributing to an increased risk of heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamins are organic chemicals that regulate metabolism and bodily functions, supporting the conversion of nutrients to energy, hormone production, and the breakdown of waste products and toxins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minerals are inorganic substances like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, iodine, and zinc. Each plays a vital role in body development and functioning, with examples being calcium and phosphorus, which are vital for building strong bones and teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation is the chemistry of aging, involving the release of 'free radical' electrons that damage cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free radicals are formed when oxygen molecules lose an electron during the metabolic process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as all cells in the body use oxygen to do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free radicals attempt to stabilize themselves by 'stealing' an electron from any nearby molecule, whether it's a protein, fat, or another chemical, potentially causing damage to these chemicals in the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidative stress refers to an excess of free radicals, which is enhanced with aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's cells produce antioxidants, which donate electrons to free radicals without turning into free radicals themselves, potentially halting or delaying the oxidation of other substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, beta-carotene, and lycopene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antioxidants slow down the aging process by binding to free radicals, reducing the rate of damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ORAC stands for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity. It's an analysis that measures the total antioxidant power of foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark chocolate, green leafy vegetables, blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, artichokes, goji berries, red cabbage, beans, and beets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inborn preferences for sweets, TV commercials promoting high-fat foods, larger portion sizes, and convenient food snacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol used to be considered the main culprit in atherosclerosis. Our bodies produce most of the cholesterol in our blood, and our diets provide the remainder. Cholesterol is needed for proper brain functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of triglycerides to HDL is one of the best predictors of both heart disease and insulin resistance. A high ratio indicates an increased risk of heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with blood pressure exceeding 130/80 are considered to have Stage 1 hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium is a mineral that can significantly affect blood pressure. While the body needs about 500 mg of sodium per day, health experts recommend consuming less than 2,300 mg per day. Americans typically consume about 3,270 mg per day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 34% of men and 48% of women try to lose weight in a given year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skipping meals and taking nonprescription supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fad diets are often extreme and restrictive, promising rapid weight loss. Americans spend over $60 billion per year on weight loss products and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yo-yo dieting refers to repeated cycles of weight loss and gain. It can lower metabolic rate, increase stored fat, reduce lean muscle tissue, make future dieting more difficult, and lead to lower life satisfaction, disordered eating, and potential health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive-behavioral techniques for weight management focus on controlling antecedents and consequences in environments that maintain eating. They often employ group formats, nutrition and exercise counseling, self-monitoring, altering eating habits, and behavioral contracting.</p> Signup and view all the answers