Questions and Answers
What forms the external jugular vein?
Which vein runs with the occipital artery in the scalp?
What is the primary function of emissary veins?
Which structure provides motor innervation to the face?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical significance of the danger area of the scalp?
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer of the scalp allows it to slide freely on the periosteum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve supplies the upper eyelid?
Signup and view all the answers
From which part of the trigeminal nerve does the auriculotemporal nerve arise?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is primarily responsible for moving the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve arises from the dorsal rami of C2 and is responsible for supplying the scalp?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statements about the epicranial aponeurosis are accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary artery that supplies the scalp through its terminal branches?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve supplies the skin of the anterior part of the temple?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery is known to follow the greater occipital nerve into the scalp?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic distinguishes the occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis from the frontal bellies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following nerves supplies the nape of the neck?
Signup and view all the answers
The great auricular nerve is primarily associated with which areas?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure forms from the union of the supratrochlear and supraorbital veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery primarily supplies the skin above and behind the auricle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which branch of the external carotid artery is known for its multiple branches supplying the scalp?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Scalp Anatomy
-
Layers of the Scalp:
- S: Skin - Thick layer with sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles.
- C: Connective Tissue - Dense collagen fibers with blood vessels and nerves; prevents vessel contraction during injury.
- A: Epicranial Aponeurosis - Flat membrane connecting frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle.
- L: Loose Areolar Tissue - Avascular layer allowing the scalp to slide on the periosteum.
- P: Periosteum - Covers the outer surface of the skull, continuous through sutures with endosteal layer inside the cranium.
Muscles of the Scalp
-
Occipitofrontalis Muscle:
- Consists of two pairs of bellies: occipital (shorter, narrower) and frontal (arises from the aponeurosis).
- Frontal bellies insert into the skin of eyebrows and nose; have no bony attachment.
- Nerve Supply: Supplied by the facial nerve; action includes raising eyebrows and wrinkling forehead.
-
Auricular Muscles:
- Include superior, anterior, and posterior muscles, all supplied by the facial nerve.
Nerve Supply of the Scalp
-
Anterior to Pinna of the Ear (via Trigeminal Nerve):
- Supraorbital Nerve: Arises from frontal nerve; supplies upper eyelid.
- Supratrochlear Nerve: Supplies paramedian forehead and medial upper eyelid.
- Zygomaticotemporal Nerve: Supplies anterior part of the temple.
- Auriculotemporal Nerve: Supplies upper part of auricle, external acoustic meatus, and skin of the side of the head.
-
Posterior to Pinna of the Ear (Upper Cervical Nerves):
- Greater Occipital Nerve: Dorsal rami of C2; enters scalp with occipital artery.
- Third Occipital Nerve: Supplies nape of the neck.
- Lesser Occipital Nerve: Arises from C2 and sometimes C3; supplies scalp above and behind the ear.
- Great Auricular Nerve: Arises from C2 and C3; supplies skin of the postero-inferior jaw and auricle.
Blood Supply of the Scalp
-
Arterial Supply:
-
External Carotid Artery:
- Superficial Temporal Artery: Terminal branch, runs with auriculotemporal nerve, supplies frontal and parietal regions.
- Posterior Auricular Artery: Arises deep to parotid gland, curves to supply region behind auricle.
- Occipital Artery: Large branch of external carotid, accompanies the greater occipital nerve.
-
Internal Carotid Artery:
- Supraorbital Artery: Emerges from supraorbital notch, supplies upper eyelid.
- Supratrochlear Artery: Terminal branch of ophthalmic artery, provides blood to upper medial orbit.
-
External Carotid Artery:
-
Venous Drainage:
- Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Veins: Unite to form the facial vein.
- Retromandibular Vein: Formed by superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein.
- Posterior Auricular Vein: Joins with retromandibular vein to form external jugular vein.
- Occipital Vein: Drains to suboccipital plexus of veins.
- Emissary Veins: Connect external veins with venous sinuses inside the skull.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Scalp
- Anterior scalp drains into small parotid lymph node.
- Posterior scalp drains into occipital and retro-auricular lymph nodes.
Facial Anatomy
- Composed of 14 bones, includes openings for the orbit, nose, and mouth.
- Contains many muscles responsible for facial expressions such as Buccinator, Orbicularis Oris, and Orbicularis Oculi.
- Motor Innervation: By the facial nerve.
- Sensory Innervation: By the trigeminal nerve.
Clinical Notes
- Danger Area of the Scalp: Loose connective tissue region where infections can spread easily via emissary veins into the cranial cavity, risking meningitis.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the scalp, including its structure and functions. Learn about the layers such as skin, connective tissue, and the epicranial aponeurosis. Perfect for students of head and neck anatomy.
