18 Questions
What is the primary factor that determines an individual's motivation according to Expectancy Theory?
The multiplication of Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence
Which theory suggests that it is not the rewards or outcomes of task performance that cause a person to expend effort, but rather the goal itself?
Goal-setting Theory
What is the purpose of setting specific goals in the goal-setting process?
To clarify performance expectations
What happens to motivation when either Expectancy, Instrumentality, or Valence is low?
Motivation decreases
What is the primary role of valence in Expectancy Theory?
To determine the attractiveness or unattractiveness of the consequence on offer
What is the purpose of building goal acceptance and commitment in the goal-setting process?
To enhance employee engagement and motivation
What is the primary focus of reinforcement theory?
The impact of external environmental consequences on behavior
Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is the purpose of negative reinforcers in behavior modification?
To inhibit undesired behavior
What is the process of selectively reinforcing behaviors that are successively closer approximations to the desired behavior?
Shaping
What is the goal of extinction in behavior modification?
To eliminate negative behavior
What is the outcome of behavior modification, according to the text?
It is highly effective
What is the primary focus of the Expectancy Theory?
The role of rewards in motivating behavior
What is the perception of capability in the Expectancy Theory?
Expectancy
According to the Expectancy Theory, what is necessary for motivation?
A positive correlation between efforts and performance
What is the goal of minimizing negative consequences of equity comparisons?
To minimize negative consequences
Who developed the Expectancy Theory?
Victor H Vroom
What is the belief that the consequences will actually materialise in the Expectancy Theory?
Instrumentality
Understand the principles of Expectancy Theory, developed by Victor H. Vroom in 1964, and its application in motivating desired behaviors and rewarding performances. Learn how perceptions of rewards determine motivational outcomes and how to minimize negative consequences of equity comparisons.
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