HBSE Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does Learning Theory conceptualize?

Behavior can be observed.

Behavior is determined by social environment. (correct)

Consequences have no impact on behavior.

All of the above.

What are B.F. Skinner's views on behavior?

The social and physical conditions of our environments are critically important in determining our behaviors.

What is Respondent Conditioning?

It refers to the emission of behavior in response to a specific stimulus.

What type of learning does Operant Conditioning refer to?

It is learning influenced primarily by the consequences that follow behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What do the ABC's of Behavior stand for?

Antecedents, Behavior, and Consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is Reinforcement?

A consequence that increases the frequency of the behavior immediately preceding it. Signup and view all the answers

What is Positive Reinforcement?

Positive events or consequences that follow a behavior and strengthen it. Signup and view all the answers

What are Material Reinforcers?

Specific objects that can be used as rewards to increase specific behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What are Social Reinforcers?

Words and gestures used to indicate caring and concern toward another person. Signup and view all the answers

What are Tokens in behavior reinforcement?

Symbolic objects reflecting specific units of value that an individual can exchange for something they want. Signup and view all the answers

What does Modeling refer to in learning?

The learning of behavior by observing another individual engaging in that behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is Negative Reinforcement?

The removal of a negative event or consequence that increases the frequency of a particular behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is Punishment in behavioral terms?

The presentation of an aversive event or removal of a positive reinforcer, resulting in the decrease in frequency of a behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is Extinction in behavioral learning?

The process whereby reinforcement for a behavior stops, leading to the decrease in frequency of that behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Premack Principle state?

The opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior as a consequence for a low-probability behavior will increase the low-probability behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Theories Overview

Learning theory conceptualizes the social environment through behavior, its prior events, and subsequent consequences.
Suggests that behaviors can be learned; maladaptive behaviors can be unlearned through targeted interventions.

B.F. Skinner's Contributions

Emphasizes the significance of social and physical environments in shaping behaviors.
Identifies that behavioral control is influenced by observable factors, impacting both thoughts and feelings.

Conditioning Types

Respondent Conditioning: Behavior response to specific stimuli, such as words, sights, or sounds.
Operant Conditioning: Learning influenced by the consequences that follow behaviors, shaping future actions based on rewards or punishments.

ABC's of Behavior

The framework consists of Antecedents (events that trigger behavior), Behavior (the action itself), and Consequences (results that influence future behavior).

Reinforcement Mechanisms

Reinforcement: Consequences that increase behavior frequency.
Positive Reinforcement: Follows behaviors with positive outcomes, strengthening those behaviors (e.g., rewards).
Material Reinforcers: Physical objects used as rewards to promote specific behaviors.
Social Reinforcers: Verbal or non-verbal cues (e.g., smiles, praise) that display care and support.
Tokens: Symbolic objects representing value, exchangeable for desired items or privileges.

Behavioral Learning Processes

Modeling: Learning behaviors by observing others engage in those behaviors.
Negative Reinforcement: Removal of a negative consequence, which strengthens a behavior by avoiding unpleasant conditions.
Punishment: Introduction of aversive events or removal of positive reinforcers, leading to decreased frequency of behaviors.
Extinction: The decrease or potential eradication of a behavior when reinforcement is withheld over time.

Premack Principle

Engaging in a high-probability behavior as a reward for completing a low-probability behavior will increase the likelihood of the low-probability behavior occurring.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 4 of HBSE. This includes important learning theories and the significant contributions of B.F. Skinner to understanding behavior. Enhance your understanding of how environmental factors influence learning and behavior.