Hazardous Materials Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic does NOT define a hazardous material?

  • Corrosive
  • Toxic
  • Flammable
  • Innocuous (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of hazardous waste?

  • It may increase mortality or illness when mismanaged. (correct)
  • It poses no risk when disposed of in landfills.
  • It must always be recycled.
  • It can be safely burned without regulations.

    • How is plasma best described?

  • A solid state of matter.
  • A gas with ionized particles. (correct)
  • A nonconductive material.
  • A liquid with a high density.

    • In what way is a solid waste defined?

    <p>Any discarded material that is abandoned by disposal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes specific gravity?

    <p>Density compared to water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a hazardous material?

    <p>Non-toxic food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key effect of improper management of hazardous waste?

    <p>Reduction in air quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the solid waste program under RCRA Subtitle D?

    <p>Developing plans to manage nonhazardous industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hazardous waste program under RCRA Subtitle C primarily establish?

    <p>A system for controlling hazardous waste from generation to disposal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act encourages citizen participation in decisions regarding hazardous waste site cleanups?

    <p>Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is excluded from RCRA regulations?

    <p>Domestic sewage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, how are pesticides classified?

    <p>As general use or restricted use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of the programs mentioned in the content?

    <p>Conserving energy and natural resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement of the Asbestos Model Accreditation Plan?

    <p>Employment of accredited inspectors and supervisors in schools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the EPA require asbestos removal according to the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act?

    <p>When there is significant public exposure during demolition or renovation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one regulatory aspect of the UST program under RCRA Subtitle I?

    <p>It regulates USTs containing hazardous substances and petroleum products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a critical element of hazardous waste operations?

    <p>The uncontrolled condition of the site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT a requirement for a pesticide to be sold or used?

    <p>Effective in killing specified pests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has increased attention towards hazardous waste sites primarily focused on?

    <p>Human health problems posed by hazardous waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an outcome of the concern over public protection from chemical emergencies?

    <p>The development of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the classification of most pesticides?

    <p>Most are initially classified as restricted use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main uses of reliable measurements of airborne contaminants?

    <p>Determining the need for specific medical monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

    <p>To shield or isolate individuals from hazards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of site control in hazardous waste management?

    <p>To minimize contamination and protect the public (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the decontamination process involve?

    <p>Removing or neutralizing contaminants on personnel and equipment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NEPA stand for?

    <p>National Environmental Policy Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is part of the NEPA process?

    <p>Gathering information on environmental conditions and trends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary concern of site control?

    <p>Maximizing site production efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are airborne contaminants monitored?

    <p>To assess potential health effects of exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended outcome of the NEPA evaluation process?

    <p>To evaluate environmental effects of federal undertakings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)?

    <p>Overseeing environmental impact assessments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)?

    <p>To govern the disposal of solid and hazardous waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Environmental Assessment (EA) aim to determine?

    <p>Whether a federal undertaking has significant environmental consequences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a Categorical Exclusion?

    <p>An exemption from detailed environmental analysis when criteria are met (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)?

    <p>Significant environmental consequences identified in an EA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act commonly known as?

    <p>Superfund (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of environmental programs does Title I of the Act focus on?

    <p>Federal program evaluation based on set goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act does NOT address which of the following?

    <p>Abandoned or historical waste sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conducting studies and analyses relating to ecosystems and environmental quality falls under which level of action?

    <p>Environmental Assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of RCRA compared to Superfund?

    <p>Managing current and future hazardous waste disposal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process where no significant environmental impact is determined?

    <p>Finding Of No Significant Impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hazardous Material

    Any substance that can harm humans, other living organisms, property, or the environment.

    Hazardous Waste

    A hazardous material that is specifically discarded and poses a threat to health or the environment when improperly handled.

    Plasma

    A state of matter where some particles are ionized due to extreme temperatures or high energy, making it conductive and responsive to magnetic fields.

    Density

    The mass of a material divided by its volume. It tells us how compact or dense a substance is.

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    Specific Gravity

    The ratio of a material's density to the density of water. It tells us if something sinks or floats.

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    Air Monitoring

    The process of gathering information about contaminants in the air. This helps understand the risks and determine necessary precautions.

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    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to protect individuals from chemical, physical, and biological hazards.

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    Site Control

    Site control aims to minimize contamination of workers, protect the public, and prevent vandalism at hazardous waste sites.

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    Decontamination

    The process of removing or neutralizing contaminants from personnel or equipment.

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    National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

    The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to assess the environmental impacts of their projects.

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    Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)

    The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) provides guidance and oversight for NEPA implementation.

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    Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)

    A law that requires businesses to report and plan for chemical emergencies, aimed at protecting the public from hazardous substances.

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    Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

    A federal law that regulates the sale, distribution, and use of pesticides, ensuring only registered or exempted pesticides are available.

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    Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)

    This law mandates the use of accredited professionals for asbestos management in schools and public buildings, focusing on protecting people from harmful exposure.

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    Hazardous Site Characterization

    The first and most crucial step in hazardous waste operations. It involves identifying and assessing the nature and extent of the hazard. Key factors include the uncontrolled conditions and the variety of substances present.

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    Uncontrolled Condition

    The uncontrolled condition of a hazardous waste site can significantly impact the risks involved during cleanup operations. The degree of control over the site can influence the complexity of the cleanup process and the potential for environmental damage.

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    Variety of Substances

    The presence of a wide range of hazardous substances on a site can increase the complexity and difficulty of cleaning it up. Managing multiple types of contaminants with different properties creates challenges.

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    Planning and Implementation

    A key aspect of hazardous waste operations, proper planning and implementation of cleanup procedures are necessary to minimize risks and environmental impact. It requires careful consideration of worker safety, environmental protection, and disposal options.

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    Unforeseen Risks

    The potential for unforeseen risks and complications during hazardous waste operations. It often involves managing uncertainties related to the nature and extent of the hazard, potential worker exposure, and environmental consequences.

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    Cleanup Methods

    The process of carefully selecting and implementing the most suitable methods for cleaning up the hazardous waste site. It involves evaluating various options based on factors like cost, effectiveness, and environmental impact.

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    What is RCRA?

    The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is a U.S. law that regulates the management of hazardous waste and solid waste. It aims to reduce or eliminate risks to human health and the environment from improper waste handling.

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    What is RCRA Subtitle D about?

    RCRA Subtitle D focuses on non-hazardous solid waste, like municipal solid waste (MSW), and encourages states to develop comprehensive plans for its management.

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    What is RCRA Subtitle C about?

    RCRA Subtitle C governs hazardous waste, establishing a system to monitor and control it from generation to disposal. This helps ensure safe handling and prevents environmental damage.

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    What is the RCRA UST program about?

    The Underground Storage Tank (UST) program under RCRA Subtitle I regulates tanks containing hazardous substances or petroleum products. It focuses on preventing leaks and spills that could contaminate groundwater.

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    What types of substances are NOT regulated by RCRA?

    RCRA specifically excludes some substances from its regulations, such as domestic sewage, certain mine waste, and nuclear materials.

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    Environmental Assessment (EA)

    Environmental analysis process that involves a detailed analysis of potential environmental impacts. It's the second level of analysis after Categorical Exclusion.

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    Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

    A document prepared if an Environmental Assessment (EA) concludes that a proposed project may have significant environmental impacts.

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    Categorical Exclusion

    The first step in environmental analysis, where projects that meet pre-defined criteria are quickly assessed as having no significant environmental impact.

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    Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI)

    A document that accompanies an Environmental Assessment (EA), concluding that the project won't have significant environmental impacts.

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    Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

    A national law that regulates solid and hazardous waste, focusing on managing active and future waste facilities.

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    Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

    A comprehensive law that addresses cleanup of abandoned or historical hazardous waste sites.

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    Evaluating Federal Programs

    A process of evaluating federal programs against the goals set in the Title I of a relevant Act.

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    National Environmental Policy

    Developing and implementing policies to improve environmental quality nationwide.

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    Environmental Studies & Research

    Conducting various types of research to gather information about the environment.

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    Environmental Analysis

    Analyzing information related to ecosystems and environmental quality.

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    Study Notes

    Domain 7 - Environmental Management

    • Percentage: 7.38%

    Hazardous Materials

    • Definition: Any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.
    • Characteristics: Can be radioactive, flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, a biohazard, an oxidizer, an asphyxiant, or an allergen.
    • Hazardous Waste Definition: Solid waste with characteristics that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, or disposed of.
    • Solid Waste: Discarded material disposed of, burned, incinerated, or recycled, and can be solid, liquid, semi-solid, or gaseous.
    • Density: Mass per unit volume (d = m/v)
    • Specific Gravity: Ratio of a material's density to the density of water (SGx = dx /dwater).
      • SG < 1: Lighter than water (floats)
      • SG > 1: Heavier than water (sinks)
    • Solubility: Property of a solute dissolving in a solvent to form a homogenous solution; usually measured in ppm
    • Vapor Density: Weight of a unit volume of gas/vapor compared to an equal volume of air.
      • VD < 1: Lighter than air (rises)
      • VD > 1: Heavier than air (concentrates in low places)

    Regulations

    • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): Regulates hazardous waste from ‘cradle to grave.’
    • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA): Also known as Superfund, funds and processes cleanup of hazardous waste sites.
    • Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA): Increased fund size, focuses on human health regarding hazardous sites, and encouraged participation
    • Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): Protects public from chemical emergencies
    • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA): No one can sell, distribute, or use a pesticide without EPA registration.
    • Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (1986): Sets guidelines for asbestos inspections and removal.

    Physical Hazards

    • Engulfment: Workers surrounded by substances like soil, grain, or flour, or submerged in liquids.
    • Overpressurization: Increase in ambient temperature, often leading to fires/explosions from increased pressure.
    • Fires and Explosions: Chemical reactions, ignition of explosives/flammable substances, etc.
    • Corrosion: Disintegration of materials due to chemical reactions.
    • Thermal Decomposition: Incomplete combustion by-products (e.g., carbon monoxide).
    • Water Reactivity: Water-sensitive chemicals reacting intensely with moisture.

    Hazardous Waste Operations

    • Planning and Organization: Critical first step with organizational structure, comprehensive work plans, and site safety/health plans.
    • Training: Must cover relevant procedures, nature of risks, emergency handling, and personal responsibility.
    • Medical Program: Pre-employment, periodic/termination screenings, emergency/non-emergency treatment, record keeping, and program review.
    • Site Characterization: Initial hazards and protection methods identified off/on-site.
    • Air Monitoring: Provides constant information on contaminants, proper PPE, and potential exposure assessments.
    • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Shields/isolates individuals from environmental hazards.
    • Site Control: Minimizes contamination and protects public from site hazards.
    • Decontamination: Removal/neutralization of contaminants on workers/equipment.

    EPA Categories of Hazardous Waste Generators

    • Large Quantity Generators (LQG): >1000kg (2200lbs) per calendar month.
    • Small Quantity Generators (SQG): >100kg (220lbs) to ≤1000kg(2200lbs) per calendar month.
    • Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators (CESQG): ≤100kg (220lbs) per calendar month.

    1- Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste

    • Waste definitions include garbage, refuse, wastewater treatment plant sludge, and discarded materials from industrial, commercial, and community activities.
    • Hazardous waste characteristics include flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity.
    • Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) prevent unauthorized disposal of contaminated wastes

    2- Universal Waste

    • Batteries, agricultural pesticides, and thermostats are examples of universal wastes.

    3- Used Oil Management Standards

    • Used oil is any oil contaminated from use.
    • Different criteria for used oil, such as origin, contaminants, and use of oil.
    • Agricultural producers who generate 25 gallons or less per month may be exempt from these regulations.

    4- Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)

    • USTs are tanks and connected piping holding at least 10% of their volume underground.
    • USTs holding less than 1100 gallons of motor fuel for noncommercial purposes are excluded from regulations.
    • Some specific types of USTs, such as tanks storing heating oil, are excluded.

    Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

    • TSCA regulates production, importation, use, and disposal of specific chemicals.
    • Substances meeting specific criteria are excluded; this includes existing (TSCA Inventory chemicals) and newer chemicals.
    • Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) determines if a waste is hazardous by testing for certain metals and chemicals within the material.

    Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

    • FIFRA provides federal regulation of pesticides
    • Pesticides are reviewed every 15 years.
    • It details different types of pesticide reviews.
    • FIFRA has registration criteria for pesticide composition, labeling, intended function, and environmental impact.
    • Product chemistry details technical characteristics of pesticides, their environmental fate, residue chemistry, plus effects on other organisms.

    Clean Air Act (CAA)

    • CAA regulates emissions from stationary and mobile sources.

    • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are designed to protect public health and welfare.

    • EPA defines 'major sources' for hazardous air pollutants, based on emissions potential. Sources emitting 10 tons per year or more of a hazardous air pollutant are considered major sources.

    • Area sources are those that do not fit the definition of a major source.

    • Specific risks under CAA include acid rain, urban pollution, and toxic air emissions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on hazardous materials, waste management, and relevant regulations such as RCRA. This quiz covers key characteristics, regulatory programs, and effects of improper hazardous waste management. Prepare to dive into the specifics of waste classification and the importance of citizen participation.

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