Domain 7 - Environmental Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What must a substance be refined from to meet the EPA’s definition of used oil?

  • Unrefined petroleum
  • Crude oil or synthetic materials (correct)
  • Vegetable oil
  • Animal fats
  • Which of the following does NOT meet the EPA’s definition of used oil?

  • Hydraulic fluids that are contaminated
  • Bottom clean-out waste from virgin fuel storage tanks (correct)
  • Lubricants that have been used
  • Heat transfer fluids that have been used
  • Which contaminants can affect the classification of used oil?

  • Exclusively physical contaminants
  • Only biological pathogens
  • Only chemical additives
  • Physical or chemical impurities (correct)
  • What is the minimum percentage of a tank's volume that must be underground to be classified as an underground storage tank (UST)?

    <p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be considered a physical contaminant in used oil?

    <p>Sawdust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rusting primarily a result of?

    <p>Oxidation of iron atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act regulates hazardous waste from generation to disposal?

    <p>Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thermal decomposition of materials often produce?

    <p>Carbon monoxide gases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)?

    <p>Providing liability for hazardous waste releases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can water-sensitive chemicals react with that may result in extreme heats?

    <p>Moisture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act established a trust fund for cleanup at hazardous waste sites when no responsible party can be identified?

    <p>Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key updates provided by the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA)?

    <p>Increased the trust fund size to $8.5 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT involved in planning and organization?

    <p>Conducting periodic medical examinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of site safety planning?

    <p>Developing safe work practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included in the medical program?

    <p>Emergency treatment protocols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be restricted from site entry during the onsite surveys?

    <p>All employees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ongoing monitoring at a site?

    <p>To provide continuous information about site conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be developed based on the specific needs of employees at a site?

    <p>A tailored training program (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a part of handling emergencies in site safety planning?

    <p>Record keeping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included in surveillance under the medical program?

    <p>Preemployment screening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option involves the storage and transportation of hazardous materials?

    <p>Site safety regulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time generators can accumulate hazardous waste without needing a permit?

    <p>180 days (B), 90 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of corrosive waste?

    <p>pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hazardous waste can pose a threat even when managed properly?

    <p>Acute hazardous waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) prohibit?

    <p>Disposal of hazardous waste on land without prior treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must agricultural producers do to exempt themselves from hazardous waste requirements when disposing of waste pesticides?

    <p>Triple rinse the emptied containers and dispose of residues on their own land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered hazardous waste?

    <p>Irrigation return flows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about reactive waste is true?

    <p>They can produce toxic gases when exposed to heat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a toxic chemical?

    <p>Acetone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hazardous waste?

    <p>May be corrosive, reactive, or toxic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of the universal waste rule?

    <p>To encourage recycling and proper disposal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hazardous waste does the universal waste rule NOT apply to?

    <p>Businesses generating over 100 kg of universal wastes per month (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is exempt from used oil management standards?

    <p>Producers generating 25 gallons or less per month (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included under the category of universal waste?

    <p>Batteries (Ni-Cd) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the disposal of agricultural pesticides as hazardous waste?

    <p>Changes in cropping patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amount of waste triggers hazardous waste generator requirements for agricultural producers?

    <p>100 kg or more per month (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of mercury that thermostats can contain?

    <p>3 grams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of managing used oil standards?

    <p>To prevent environmental contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly happens to batteries classified as universal waste?

    <p>They are recycled or disposed of properly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an agricultural producer no longer need certain pesticides?

    <p>Changes in cropping patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Corrosion

    The process of a material deteriorating due to a chemical reaction with its environment, often involving the formation of oxides.

    Rusting

    A specific type of corrosion where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust).

    Water-sensitive chemicals

    Chemicals that react strongly with water, potentially leading to heat, flammability, corrosion, toxicity, or other hazards.

    Thermal Decomposition

    A chemical process where a substance breaks down into simpler substances due to heat.

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    Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

    A US federal law that regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste.

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    Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) (Superfund)

    A US federal law addressing cleanup of hazardous waste sites, including creating a trust fund for cleanups.

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    Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA)

    An amendment to CERCLA that strengthened enforcement, increased funding for cleanup, and promoted innovative cleanup technologies.

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    Planning and Organization

    Developing a structured plan for site operations, including a comprehensive work plan for each phase and a safety health plan.

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    Site Safety Plan

    A plan outlining procedures for handling emergencies and self-rescue.

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    Safe Work Practices

    Practices designed to minimize risks and injuries during site operations.

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    Nature of Anticipated Hazards

    Recognizing and understanding potential dangers present at the site.

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    Training

    Providing employees with training on safe site practices, including recognizing hazards, handling emergencies, and operating equipment.

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    Medical Program

    A program that includes pre-employment screening, periodic medical examinations, and treatment procedures.

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    Offsite Characterization

    Gathering information about potential hazards and worker protection methods before entering the site.

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    Onsite Surveys

    Conducting surveys and investigations on the site to identify hazards and protection methods.

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    Ongoing Monitoring

    Monitoring site conditions over time to ensure safety and identify changes.

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    Acute Hazardous Waste

    Waste that could pose immediate health and environmental risks even if handled correctly.

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    Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs)

    Regulations preventing the disposal of hazardous waste on land without pre-treatment.

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    Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) Facility

    A facility that is permitted to treat, store, and dispose of hazardous waste.

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    Corrosive Hazardous Waste

    A substance that can cause corrosion to metal containers, often with strong acidity or alkalinity.

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    Reactive Hazardous Waste

    Waste that can react dangerously, producing explosions, toxic fumes, or vapors when heated.

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    Toxic Hazardous Waste

    Waste that is harmful or fatal when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin.

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    Non-Acute Hazardous Waste

    A substance that is neither corrosive, reactive, nor toxic, but still needs special management due to environmental risks.

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    Hazardous Waste

    Waste that poses significant threats to health and the environment.

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    Agricultural Producer Pesticide Waste Exemption

    Agricultural producers are exempt from hazardous waste regulations for their own pesticide waste if they follow specific guidelines.

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    Irrigation Return Flows Exemption

    Water used for irrigation and returned to the environment is not considered hazardous waste.

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    Offsite Disposal of Hazardous Waste

    The process of disposing of hazardous waste in a location other than the agricultural production site.

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    Universal Waste

    A category of hazardous waste that is subject to less stringent regulation, encouraging recycling and proper disposal of common wastes.

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    CESQG (Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator)

    Businesses generating less than 100 kg of universal wastes per month are exempt from most universal waste regulations.

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    Ni-Cd Battery

    A type of battery containing nickel-cadmium, often subject to stringent disposal regulations.

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    Sealed Lead-Acid Battery

    A type of sealed battery that uses lead acid, often subject to disposal regulations.

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    Agricultural Pesticides

    Pesticides used in agricultural production, which are often classified as hazardous waste.

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    Thermostats

    Devices that often contain mercury, requiring specific disposal procedures.

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    Used Oil

    Oil that has been used in vehicles or machinery, typically regulated for disposal.

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    Used Oil Management Standards

    Regulations governing the management of used oil, aiming to reduce environmental contamination.

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    25-Gallon Exemption for Agricultural Producers

    Exemption from used oil management regulations for agricultural producers who generate less than 25 gallons of used oil per month.

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    Underground Storage Tank (UST)

    A tank located underground with its connected piping, where at least 10% of the combined volume is beneath the surface.

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    Oil Contaminants

    Contamination of oil with physical substances such as metal shavings, sawdust, or dirt. Or, contamination with chemical substances such as solvents, halogens, or saltwater.

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    EPA's Definition of Used Oil

    The specific criteria that must be met for an oil to qualify as used oil: it must have been refined from crude oil or synthetic materials, it must have been used, and it must be contaminated with physical or chemical impurities.

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    Regulations for Used Oil Storage and Handling

    The regulatory requirements for storing and handling used oil, such as the need for approved tanks and transporters, as well as limitations on the amount that can be stored.

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    Study Notes

    Domain 7 - Environmental Management

    • Percentage: 7.38%

    Hazardous Materials

    • Hazardous material: Any solid, liquid, or gas capable of harming people, living organisms, property, or the environment.
    • Radioactive, flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, biohazard, oxidizer, asphyxiant, or allergen.
    • Hazardous waste: Solid waste that due to its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics poses a significant hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed.
    • Solid waste: Discarded material (disposed, burned, incinerated, or recycled). Can be solid, liquid, semi-solid, or gaseous.
    • Plasma: A state of matter where a certain portion of particles are ionized, electrically conductive, and responsive to electromagnetic fields.

    Density

    • Density: Mass per unit volume (d=m/v)

    Specific Gravity

    • Specific Gravity (SG): Ratio of a material's density to the density of water.
    • SG <1: Lighter than water, will float.
    • SG >1: Heavier than water, will sink.

    Solubility

    • Solubility: The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous solution.
    • Depends on the solvent, temperature, and pressure.
    • Water solubility is measured in ppm (parts per million).

    Vapor Density (VD)

    • Vapor Density: Weight of a unit volume of gas or vapor compared to the weight of an equal volume of air.
    • VD <1: Lighter than air, tends to rise and dissipate.
    • VD >1: Heavier than air, tends to concentrate in low places.

    Physical Hazards

    • Engulfment: When a worker is surrounded by a granular substance (soil, sand, gravel) or submerged in a liquid.
    • Overpressurization: Increase in temperature causes increase in pressure, leading potential fires and explosions.
    • Fires and Explosions: Ignition of flammable materials, shock/friction sensitive compounds, or sudden release of materials.
    • Corrosion: Disintegration of materials due to chemical reactions (e.g., rusting).
    • Thermal Decomposition: Byproducts of incomplete combustion, like carbon monoxide.
    • Water Reactivity: Chemical reactions with moisture can lead to extreme heat, potential fire, corrosion, and toxicity.

    Regulations

    • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): Manages hazardous and non-hazardous waste from its generation to disposal.
    • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) (Superfund): Addresses liability for hazardous waste releases.
    • Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA): Enhances CERCLA by providing new settlement tools and enforcement authorities.
    • Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): Protects public from chemical emergencies and dangers.
    • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA): Implements standards for pesticide registration and use.
    • Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act: Requires a Model Accreditation Plan to handle asbestos remediation.

    Hazardous Waste Operations

    • Includes Planning and Organization, Training, Medical Program, Site Characterization, Air Monitoring, Personal Protective Equipment, Site Control, and Decontamination. All involve specific procedures and considerations.
    • Uncontrolled condition of the site.

    EPA Categories of Hazardous Waste Generators

    • Different categories of generators based on quantity generated per month.
    • Large Quantity Generators (LQG) (1000 kg or more of hazardous waste).
    • Small Quantity Generators (SQG) (100-1000 kg).
    • Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators (CESQG) (less than 100 kg).
    • Different maximum storage amounts and times for each category.

    National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

    • Evaluation of the environmental effects of federal undertakings.
    • Three levels of analysis:
      • Categorical Exclusion: No detailed analysis necessary if criteria are met.
      • Environmental Assessment (EA)/Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI): Determines if the undertaking will significantly affect the environment.
      • Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Environmental consequences of a proposed undertaking are significant.

    Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)

    • Duties: Gathering information on trends in environmental quality, evaluating federal programs in light of goals, developing/promoting national policies, conducting studies, surveys, research and analyses.

    Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste

    • RCRA: Nation's primary law governing solid and hazardous waste disposal.
    • RCRA Subtitle D: Manages non-hazardous waste.
    • RCRA Subtitle C: Manages hazardous waste.
    • RCRA Subtitle I: Regulates USTs (Underground Storage Tanks), containing hazardous substances or petroleum products.

    Universal Waste

    • Batteries, agricultural pesticides, and thermostats.

    Used Oil Management Standards

    • Any oil used that contains physical or chemical impurities.

    Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)

    • UST is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank with at least 10% of the volume underground.
    • Certain tanks are excluded from regulation.

    Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

    • Addresses production, importation, use, and disposal of specific chemicals.
    • Certain substances are excluded from TSCA.

    Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

    • Regulates pesticide distribution, sale, and use.
    • EPA establishes tolerances and exemptions for pesticide use on raw agricultural products, with periodic review.

    Clean Air Act

    • Regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
    • Major sources emit 10 tons of a hazardous air pollutant, or 25 tons of a combination of hazardous air pollutants per year.

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    Hazardous Materials PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on hazardous materials and their impact on the environment. This quiz covers essential concepts, including the definitions of hazardous waste, density, and specific gravity. Prepare to explore how substances can affect human health and the ecosystem.

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