Hannibal's Carthaginian Campaign Overview

Carthage and Rome

To be an enemy of Rome as long as he lived.

To be one of history's greatest leaders.

<p>From Northern Africa into Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaius Terentius Varro</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saguntum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>219 BC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal's attack on Saguntum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They demanded Hannibal be surrendered to Roman authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was a political enemy of Hannibal, against pushing Rome to war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peace or war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was drawn from all over Spain and Africa, with different colors and creeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cavalry, infantry, and elephants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sicily and southern France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because Rome controlled the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Alps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He is Hannibal's brother and was made commander of the Spanish Provinces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the Spanish people would not desert to Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To return honor and respect back to Carthage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doing what Rome least expected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rhone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He had horses pull them apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On Roman soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marseille.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Publius Scipio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>East, toward the mountains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Alps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 2400 meters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A landslide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They used fire and wine to clear the rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Little more than half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cold and lack of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food, arms, and men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedom from Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fight to the death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hunt him down and finish him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Death or a fight for greater glory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because he is ordered to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defeat and certain death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 or 5,000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Publius Scipio's.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker wants their houses burnt to the ground, and their crops and fields reduced to ash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker wants to see how secure Fabius feels when those around him lose everything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means that wherever you go, you are protected and the might of Rome will defend you against attacks or mistreatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northern Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio thinks Fabius's tactics make Rome look weak and that Hannibal is laughing at them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Publius Scipio and Longus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio would be in favor of engaging Hannibal under the right leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strike at Hannibal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Varro's election as Consul led to the end of Fabius's dictatorship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trebia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trebia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio was appointed to the rank of Tribune.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Roman army had 85,000 men at Cannae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Romans are trained to fight in one way, making them predictable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fabius Maximus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To starve him of battle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal plans to use a flexible, bow-shaped formation, drawing the Romans in before surrounding them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal orders his cavalry to attack to drive back the Romans and sow confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They will push more and more troops forward, thinking they are close to victory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hidden reserves are meant to swing around and block the Romans on either flank and cut off their retreat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60,000 Romans were killed in the battle at Cannae. The cream of Roman military and political leadership was wiped out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite the victory, Hannibal felt no sense of triumph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The battle of Zama marked the end of the Second Punic War, resulting in a decisive victory for Rome over Hannibal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio imitated Hannibal's strategies and used his understanding of Hannibal's tactics to counteract the Carthaginian forces effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal's elephants were intended to charge the Roman infantry but were diverted, causing confusion and chaos in their own ranks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal's failure to capitalize on his victory at Cannae demonstrated a strategic oversight that ultimately allowed Rome to regroup and strengthen its defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After Hannibal's death, he remained a painful memory and a dark presence for Rome, highlighting the lasting impact of his military campaigns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal's early victories, particularly at Cannae, shocked Rome into action and prompted them to reformulate their military strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After the war, Hannibal fled to Bitnia, where he died, leaving Carthage with diminished power and eventually leading to its destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despite his military triumph at Zama, Scipio's political career did not achieve the same success, reflecting the complexities of reputation and recognition in Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio's adaptation of Hannibal's tactics allowed him to anticipate and counter every move made by Hannibal, resulting in his eventual defeat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal's decision to forgo an immediate assault on Rome, despite having the advantage, is often attributed to a miscalculation of the Roman resolve and the broader military landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal plans to go straight for New Carthage and lure their defenses away to ambush them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believes that they will call him back from Italy to defend his homeland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decided against recalling Hannibal Barca, which was later viewed as a disaster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal was defeated and remained in exile for another year before being recalled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio had secured support from the Numidian cavalry, which outnumbered Hannibal's cavalry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal insists that war must be finished utterly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal acknowledges that Scipio is winning victory after victory in Spain, impacting Carthaginian morale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Council believed Hannibal's invasion of Italy deprived Spain of its defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio aimed to take the fight to Africa and attack Carthage to defeat Hannibal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal requested Hasdrubal to bring his army from Spain to reinforce him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio believes that everything he has become is due to Hannibal's influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal dismisses the priest's gloom and is frustrated with his constant negativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal realizes he has an army of raw, untrained recruits which is a disadvantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Council recognized that they were facing the greatest crisis in the last 40 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal suggests that the real threat has shifted away from Italy to Scipio's advances in Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Cannae marked a significant defeat for Rome, demonstrating Hannibal's military prowess and leaving Rome on the brink of destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal proposed to present terms of surrender to Rome instead of attacking the city directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The leadership lowered the age of enrollment for soldiers and offered amnesty to criminals and slaves willing to fight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal believed that the Romans, despite being defeated multiple times, were not ready to capitulate, highlighting their resilience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal's army became increasingly isolated and unable to pressure Rome into battle effectively without reinforcements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio suggested taking an invasion force to Spain while Hannibal was occupied, aiming to rout the Carthaginians there.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fabius believed that repeating past mistakes would lead to disaster, advocating for caution rather than aggressive tactics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal meant that overconfidence led to underestimating the Romans' resilience and ability to regroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal suggested stripping temples of weapons and armor to equip his troops, prioritizing survival over religious sanctity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carthage faced jealousy and political maneuvering, resulting in a reluctance to send reinforcements to Hannibal despite his victories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hannibal viewed the fight as a matter of survival rather than simply a quest for honor or glory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lesson emphasizes the necessity for adaptability and immediate action in response to existential threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scipio learned to anticipate enemy moves and adapt strategies accordingly, proving his military acumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hannibal was a Carthaginian general who is renowned for his military genius and his daring campaigns against the Romans during the Second Punic War.

The attack on Saguntum was a strategic move by Hannibal to instigate Rome's response, starting the Second Punic War.

The Second Punic War was a conflict between Carthage and Rome, primarily influenced by Hannibal Barca's aggressive tactics.

Ancient civilizations that engaged in a series of wars for dominance in the Mediterranean region.

The general who led Carthage against Rome in the Punic Wars, known for his brilliant strategies and military prowess.

The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage, primarily for control of the Mediterranean.

A city in Spain that was a Roman ally, its destruction triggered the Second Punic War.

The treaty that ended the First Punic War, it resulted in the loss of Sicily for Carthage, a major blow to their power.

Hannibal's brilliant but risky strategy of crossing the Alps with his army and elephants to attack Rome from the north.

A specific area in Spain of importance to both Carthage and Rome, leading to conflicts.

The primary conflict in the Third Punic War, where Rome destroyed Carthage, effectively ending the Punic Wars.

The journey across the Alps was incredibly difficult and dangerous, with harsh weather conditions, lack of food and shelter, and constant threat of death.

Hannibal's army faced significant losses during the treacherous crossing, with many men succumbing to exposure, hunger, and exhaustion.

Hannibal's army crossed the Alps during a harsh winter, making it a dangerous and grueling journey.

Hannibal was willing to accept high casualties to fulfill his strategic goals, emphasizing the severity of the situation and the sacrifices required.

Hannibal planned to intercept the Roman army in Spain. The Romans underestimated the sheer speed and cunning of Hannibal's advance.

The Romans were surprised to learn that Hannibal was so close, as they had no knowledge of his crossing of the Pyrenees mountains.

Hannibal took a significant risk by crossing the Alps with his army, aiming to disrupt Roman power and exploit their weaknesses.

Hannibal's primary target was Rome itself, challenging the Roman dominance.

The Romans would have been prepared to fight Hannibal in Italy, but his crossing of the Alps forced them to change their strategy.

Hannibal planned to march close to the coast after crossing the Alps, potentially exploiting the terrain and minimizing exposure to the Gauls.

Hannibal's army was not a large force and was weakened after the arduous journey through the Alps. Supplies of food and troops were scarce.

Hannibal's army was comprised primarily of soldiers from North Africa and Spain, they were not accustomed to the severe cold of the Alps.

There was a desire for freedom among the Gauls, however they were hesitant to join Hannibal's army as they had been defeated by the Romans previously.

Hannibal's army needed to replenish its resources after the perilous Alps crossing, seeking supplies, reinforcements, and more soldiers.

Hannibal's crossing of the Alps changed Roman military thinking, forcing them to adapt and reassess their strategies. It was a turning point in the conflict, with significant implications for both sides.

Hannibal's strategy to achieve victory by making his enemies believe he is weak and easy to defeat.

Hannibal's army was made up of diverse groups who could be easily divided by targeting their supply lines.

The Roman strategy of avoiding direct confrontation with Hannibal, instead focusing on weakening his army by disrupting supply lines and causing hardship.

The Roman strategy of engaging in direct battles with Hannibal, which resulted in heavy losses for the Roman army.

The highest political position in Rome, shared by two consuls during each term of office.

The Roman general who lost heavily to Hannibal at the Battle of Trasimene.

A crucial battle fought in 218 BC, where Hannibal's army defeated a Roman army led by Publius Scipio.

The Roman general who was nearly killed by Hannibal's cavalry during the Battle of Ticinus.

The Roman army's strategy to attack Hannibal before his forces were fully prepared.

A battle fought in 218 BC, where Hannibal's army decisively defeated a Roman army led by Sempronius Longus.

A battle fought in 217 BC, where Hannibal's army ambushed and crushed a Roman army under the command of Gaius Flaminius.

A Roman general who adopted a strategy of avoidance and attrition against Hannibal.

An area in northern Italy, the scene of Hannibal's first victory over a Roman force.

The Roman tactic of harassing Hannibal's supply lines and causing hardship to his army.

The Roman dictator appointed in response to Hannibal's threat to Rome.

A military strategy focused on exhausting the enemy by avoiding direct confrontation, using hit-and-run tactics, and relying on strategic retreats.

A military strategy focusing on decisive engagement and seeking a decisive battle to overwhelm the enemy.

The privilege and protection afforded to a Roman citizen, ensuring that if they are attacked or mistreated, Rome's full force would be deployed for their defense.

A tactical formation resembling a bow, with strong flanks and a flexible center, allowing for maneuvering and flanking attacks.

A maneuver used by Hannibal to disorganize and weaken the enemy by launching a surprise attack with cavalry, creating chaos and confusion.

The technique of using a large number of troops to overwhelm the enemy, relying on brute force to break through their defenses.

A military tactic where troops are positioned close together, forming a dense mass of swords and shields aimed at breaking through the enemy's lines.

A military unit held in reserve, waiting for the opportune moment to launch a decisive attack, often after the enemy has expended their resources.

The outcome of a battle, where one side triumphs over the other, resulting in significant casualties and strategic consequences.

A battle that took place in 216 BC near Cannae, Southern Italy, where Hannibal's Carthaginian forces defeated the Romans, causing significant losses for Rome.

The military strategy attributed to Hannibal, known for exploiting the weaknesses of his opponents, employing deception and surprise attacks, and outmaneuvering his adversaries.

The mindset of believing one's own strength and underestimating the enemy, leading to overconfidence and vulnerability.

A situation where two armies engage in direct combat, where both sides aim to outmaneuver and overcome the other.

The ability to use one's strength strategically to achieve a desired outcome, making informed decisions based on the situation.

The act of maneuvering troops or forces to gain a tactical advantage, outwitting the enemy and creating opportunities for attack.

The strategy of grinding down an enemy slowly through attrition rather than grand battles. This approach focuses on continual pressure and ultimately wears down the opponent's resources and morale.

A declaration of forgiveness for past offenses, often granted to criminals or slaves who are willing to serve in the military.

This event marked a turning point in the Second Punic War, highlighting Rome's commitment to war and its ability to rebuild even after major defeats.

The battle of Cannae was a massive victory for Hannibal, but it did not lead to the immediate surrender of Rome. It was a decisive battle, but not a decisive victory. Rome had the will and resources to continue the conflict.

Scipio argued for a more aggressive approach - to take the fight to Carthage in Spain while Hannibal was occupied in Italy. This reflected a shift from purely defensive tactics.

The Carthaginian Senate's decision not to send reinforcements to Hannibal in Italy. This reflects the political and internal divisions within Carthage.

A reference to the rings worn by Roman senators as symbols of their rank. It is a powerful reminder of the casualties inflicted by Hannibal's army.

This refers to the jealousy and resentment held by powerful individuals in Carthage against Hannibal. This resentment stemmed from his successes and ambitions.

The reluctance of the Roman Senate to allow Scipio, a young but talented general, to lead an army. This highlights the traditional system and the potential for risk-aversion.

A key principle of military strategy emphasizing the importance of understanding the enemy's expectations and exploiting their weaknesses.

This statement emphasizes the importance of making decisive actions, highlighting that Rome's cautious approach had reached its limit.

Reflected in the Roman Senate’s decision to reject Scipio’s plan to attack Carthage in Spain. They fear the risk of losing both fronts.

The Carthaginian Senate’s decision to send reinforcements to Spain instead of Hannibal in Italy reflects their limited resources and their belief that victory is likely to come elsewhere.

Hannibal, even after his victory at Cannae, was unable to completely dismantle Rome. The Romans were able to recover strategically and financially due to their existing infrastructure and resilience.

Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, was known for his brilliance in military strategy and tactics. He led a formidable army against the Romans for 16 years but ultimately lost the war.

Hannibal's defeat at the Battle of Zama marked the end of the Second Punic War, securing Rome's victory.

Hannibal's failure to capture Rome after the Battle of Cannae, a significant victory for the Carthaginians, proved crucial to Rome's eventual triumph.

Hannibal's strategy involved employing elephants in battle, exploiting their size and power to intimidate and disrupt Roman ranks.

Scipio, a skilled Roman general, countered Hannibal's strategies by learning from his tactics and turning them against him. This resulted in Hannibal's defeat.

The Battle of Zama was a decisive moment in the Second Punic War, illustrating the strategic brilliance of Scipio, who used Hannibal's tactics against him, leading to Carthage's defeat.

Despite Hannibal's military genius and early victories, he ultimately failed to secure a decisive victory against Rome, allowing Rome to eventually become a dominant force.

Following the Battle of Zama, Hannibal fled to Bitnië in Northern Turkey, where he died by suicide, avoiding capture by the Romans.

Even after his death by suicide, Hannibal's reputation as a formidable military genius and a threat to Roman power continued to haunt Rome.

Hannibal's failure to exploit his victories against Rome, particularly after the Battle of Cannae, allowed Rome to recover and eventually conquer Carthage and expand its empire across the Mediterranean.

Hannibal's plan to attack the heart of Rome's territory by taking their capital, New Carthage, in Spain.

The Carthaginian army's reliance on the Sibylline prophecy, a form of divination, to predict the outcome of the war.

Hannibal's frustration with the Senate's control over his military actions, believing he was being restricted by cowardly politicians.

The urgent call for Hannibal's brother, Hasdrubal, to join him in Italy with reinforcements, representing Hannibal's desperate attempt to bolster his forces.

The Roman commander, Fabius's plan to intercept Hannibal and Hasdrubal's forces, aimed to prevent their union and weaken Hannibal.

The tragic death of Hasdrubal, which shattered Hannibal's hopes of winning the war in Roman territory.

Scipio's triumphant return to Rome after conquering Spain, emboldening his ambitions for further conquest.

Scipio's daring strategy to bring the war onto Carthaginian soil, putting pressure on Hannibal to defend his homeland.

Carthage's response to the Roman threat by recalling Hannibal from Italy, hoping to protect their homeland and prevent further invasions.

Carthage's decision not to recall Hannibal, a miscalculation that contributed to their downfall, as it left them vulnerable to Scipio's invasion.

The disastrous Battle of Great Plains where the Carthaginian forces were decimated, marking a turning point in the war.

Hannibal's exile and subsequent recall to defend Carthage, highlighting the political turmoil and the desperation of the Carthaginians.

Rome's strategic use of alliances, undermining Carthage's military strength by capturing allies like the Numidian cavalry.

The meeting between Hannibal and Scipio on the plains of Zama, marking the culmination of their rivalry and the final battle for control of the Mediterranean.

Hannibal's attempt to avoid a destructive battle, recognizing the cost of further bloodshed and the futility of continuing the war.

Scipio's unwavering conviction that the war must end definitively, his insistence that Carthage be crushed to prevent future challenges to Roman dominance.