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Questions and Answers
The Roman soldiers were not professional, as they had to spend time farming and doing other duties besides training.
The Roman soldiers were not professional, as they had to spend time farming and doing other duties besides training.
False
The social class system in the Roman Republic was based on patricians, plebeians, and slaves.
The social class system in the Roman Republic was based on patricians, plebeians, and slaves.
True
The head of government in the Roman Republic was a king who was chosen by the Etruscans.
The head of government in the Roman Republic was a king who was chosen by the Etruscans.
False
Roman soldiers fought as a group instead of as individuals in order to maximize their efficiency in battles.
Roman soldiers fought as a group instead of as individuals in order to maximize their efficiency in battles.
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The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage, with the first war starting in 146 B.C.E.
The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage, with the first war starting in 146 B.C.E.
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Study Notes
Hannibal and the Second Punic War
- Hannibal was the leader during the Second Punic War, famous for his military strategies.
- He was the son of Hamilcar, who trained him to be a fierce soldier after losing the First Punic War.
- Ultimately, Hannibal faced defeat despite initial successes against Rome.
Roman Actions Against Carthaginians
- Romes enslaved Carthaginians and plowed salt into their fields to ensure famine and starvation.
- This tactic was employed during the Third Punic War, illustrating the intense rivalry with Carthage.
- The destruction of Carthaginian lands underscored the fiercely competitive nature of ancient Mediterranean powers.
Rome's Ascendancy in the Mediterranean
- The establishment of the Roman Republic initiated a period of expansion and protection.
- Rome allied with and conquered surrounding Etruscan city-states, establishing dominance.
- By 290 B.C., Rome emerged as the leading power in central Italy.
- By 275 B.C., control over the entire Italian Peninsula was achieved.
- By 146 B.C., Rome had expanded its influence across most of the Mediterranean region.
Structure and Strategy of the Roman Army
- The Roman military was organized into legions, each consisting of about 5,000 soldiers.
- Soldiers known as legionaries were grouped into smaller units of 60-120 soldiers.
- The strength of the Roman army was a crucial factor in territorial gains during this period.
Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
- Conquered peoples retained their local governments and autonomy.
- There was an expectation for conquered citizens to serve in the Roman army and support Rome's endeavors.
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Description
Learn about Hannibal, the Carthaginian military leader, and the outcomes of the second Punic War. Explore how the Romans enslaved the Carthaginians and plowed salt into their fields after their victory.
