Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about the stability of free radicals is true?
Which of the following statements about the stability of free radicals is true?
In the reaction of cyclopropane with chlorine, what type of product would be expected?
In the reaction of cyclopropane with chlorine, what type of product would be expected?
What is the correct structure of 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane?
What is the correct structure of 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane?
Which of the following compounds has the formula $C_nH_{2n}$?
Which of the following compounds has the formula $C_nH_{2n}$?
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What feature characterizes an alkene compared to an alkane?
What feature characterizes an alkene compared to an alkane?
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Study Notes
Halogenation of Alkanes
- Initiation step involves free radical formation
- Propagation step continues the chain reaction
- Termination step ends the reaction
- Stability of free radicals: 3° > 2° > 1°
Halogenation of propane
- Propane reacts with chlorine under UV light
- Forms 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane
- Reaction produces a mixture of products
- 2-chloropropane forms more frequently (around 60%)
Halogenation of Neopentane and 2,2-Dimethylpropane
- Neopentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane react with chlorine
- Form 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane preferentially (around 100%)
- This is due to the highly substituted carbon centre
Cyclopropane Halogenation
- Cyclopropane reacts with chlorine under UV light
- Forms halogenated products
Alkenes
- Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Contain a carbon-carbon double bond
- General formula: CnH2n
- Exhibit sp2 hybridization
- Undergo addition reactions
- Representative examples: ethylene, propylene, isobutylene
IUPAC Nomenclature
- Primary/Normal, Iso/Secondary, Neo/Tertiary are prefixes used in nomenclature
- Suffixes determine the type of linkage (e.g., -ane, -ene)
- Numbering begins from the side with the substituent
- Substituents are arranged alphabetically
Vinyl and Allyl Groups
- Vinyl group is a substituent with a carbon-carbon double bond
- Allyl group is a substituent with a double bond adjacent to a methyl group
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Description
This quiz covers the halogenation reactions of alkanes and alkenes, including propane, neopentane, and cyclopropane. It discusses the initiation, propagation, and termination steps, as well as the stability of free radicals. Test your understanding of these important organic chemistry concepts.
