34 Questions
What is the term used to describe the decomposition of a compound by the action of heat alone?
Pyrolysis
Which reaction of alkanes is known to be extremely exothermic and requires a very high temperature for initiation?
Combustion
What is the distinguishing feature of the alkene structure?
Double bond
Which process yields predominantly ethylene (C2H4) along with other small molecules?
Cracking
What is the general formula for the family of alkenes?
CnH2n
In which type of cracking are large alkanes converted into smaller alkanes, alkenes, and some hydrogen?
Thermal cracking
Which type of carbon-carbon bond has a shorter distance, according to the text?
Carbon-carbon double bond
Which is NOT one of the three simple alkenes commonly referred to by their common names?
Butylene
According to the IUPAC system, what suffix replaces -ane in the names of alkenes?
-ene
In naming alkenes, how is the position of the double bond indicated?
By a number
What takes precedence in determining the main carbon chain and numbering direction over alkyl groups and halogens?
Carbon–carbon double bonds
How do the physical properties of alkenes compare to those of alkanes?
They are essentially the same
What is the reactivity order observed for halogenation?
$Cl_{2} > Br_{2}$
In halogenation, why does an alkane yield a mixture of all possible isomeric products?
Because all hydrogen atoms are susceptible to replacement.
How do the relative amounts of isomers differ in chlorination and bromination?
No isomer greatly predominates in chlorination; one isomer may predominate in bromination.
What does the high degree of selectivity in bromination refer to?
Selective replacement of hydrogen atoms in bromination.
How does halogenation of alkanes proceed?
A halogen atom abstracts a hydrogen from the alkane to form an alkyl radical.
What determines how fast an alkyl halide is formed in halogenation?
The rate at which alkyl radicals are formed.
Which step in the chain propagating process is more difficult than the other?
Step (2)
Why is the chlorination of propane considered an important problem?
To determine the product obtained based on radical formation rates
Why is little control possible over the combustion process?
High temperatures prevent control
Which type of radicals are formed by abstraction of secondary hydrogens?
Isopropyl radicals
In the chlorination of alkanes, if isopropyl radicals are formed faster, what product is obtained more quickly?
Isopropyl chloride
What sequence is followed in the rate of abstraction of hydrogen atoms during alkane reactions?
3o > 1o > 2o
The C─C distance in ethylene is greater than the C─C distance in ethane.
False
Common names are frequently used for naming alkenes.
False
Alkenes are named based on the rules of the IUPAC system.
True
The parent structure for naming alkenes is selected as the shortest continuous chain.
False
The suffix -ene is added to the alkane name to name alkenes.
True
The position of the double bond in the parent chain is indicated by a letter in naming alkenes.
False
Alkyl groups and halogens take precedence over carbon-carbon double bonds in naming alkenes.
False
Physical properties of alkenes differ significantly from those of alkanes.
False
The IUPAC system is rarely used for naming alkenes.
False
Alkenes possess unique physical properties that are distinct from alkanes.
False
Explore the reactions of alkanes, focusing on halogenation and bromination. Understand the reactivity of different halogens and the varying proportions of products formed during bromination. Learn how alkane molecules can be substituted through these reactions.
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