Reactions of Alkanes
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the decomposition of a compound by the action of heat alone?

  • Pyrolysis (correct)
  • Combustion
  • Cracking
  • Hydrolysis

    • Which reaction of alkanes is known to be extremely exothermic and requires a very high temperature for initiation?

  • Combustion (correct)
  • Polymerization
  • Cracking
  • Hydrolysis

    • What is the distinguishing feature of the alkene structure?

  • π bond
  • Triple bond
  • Double bond (correct)
  • σ bond

    • Which process yields predominantly ethylene (C2H4) along with other small molecules?

    <p>Cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for the family of alkenes?

    <p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cracking are large alkanes converted into smaller alkanes, alkenes, and some hydrogen?

    <p>Thermal cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbon-carbon bond has a shorter distance, according to the text?

    <p>Carbon-carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT one of the three simple alkenes commonly referred to by their common names?

    <p>Butylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the IUPAC system, what suffix replaces -ane in the names of alkenes?

    <p>-ene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In naming alkenes, how is the position of the double bond indicated?

    <p>By a number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What takes precedence in determining the main carbon chain and numbering direction over alkyl groups and halogens?

    <p>Carbon–carbon double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the physical properties of alkenes compare to those of alkanes?

    <p>They are essentially the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactivity order observed for halogenation?

    <p>$Cl_{2} &gt; Br_{2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In halogenation, why does an alkane yield a mixture of all possible isomeric products?

    <p>Because all hydrogen atoms are susceptible to replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the relative amounts of isomers differ in chlorination and bromination?

    <p>No isomer greatly predominates in chlorination; one isomer may predominate in bromination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the high degree of selectivity in bromination refer to?

    <p>Selective replacement of hydrogen atoms in bromination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does halogenation of alkanes proceed?

    <p>A halogen atom abstracts a hydrogen from the alkane to form an alkyl radical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how fast an alkyl halide is formed in halogenation?

    <p>The rate at which alkyl radicals are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in the chain propagating process is more difficult than the other?

    <p>Step (2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the chlorination of propane considered an important problem?

    <p>To determine the product obtained based on radical formation rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is little control possible over the combustion process?

    <p>High temperatures prevent control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radicals are formed by abstraction of secondary hydrogens?

    <p>Isopropyl radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the chlorination of alkanes, if isopropyl radicals are formed faster, what product is obtained more quickly?

    <p>Isopropyl chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sequence is followed in the rate of abstraction of hydrogen atoms during alkane reactions?

    <p>3o &gt; 1o &gt; 2o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The C─C distance in ethylene is greater than the C─C distance in ethane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common names are frequently used for naming alkenes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkenes are named based on the rules of the IUPAC system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parent structure for naming alkenes is selected as the shortest continuous chain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix -ene is added to the alkane name to name alkenes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The position of the double bond in the parent chain is indicated by a letter in naming alkenes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkyl groups and halogens take precedence over carbon-carbon double bonds in naming alkenes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical properties of alkenes differ significantly from those of alkanes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The IUPAC system is rarely used for naming alkenes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkenes possess unique physical properties that are distinct from alkanes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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