Hair Coloring Chapter 21 Milady Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

How often do clients who color their hair usually visit the salon?

3-12 weeks

One of the most creative, challenging, and inspiring salon services is what?

hair coloring

What are a few reasons clients color their hair?

Cover up or blend gray hair, enhance existing hair color, create a fashion statement, express self, correct unwanted tones, accentuate a haircut.

In addition to the desired results, what is the determining factor in choosing which hair color to use?

<p>Structure of client hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name and describe the 3 main parts of the hair.

<p>Cuticle (outer layer), Cortex (middle layer gives strength/elasticity and natural pigment), Medulla (innermost layer does nothing).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of hair contains natural pigment?

<p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the natural color of the hair?

<p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair ____________ is determined by the diameter of the individual hair strand.

<p>texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fine hair, the melanin granules are grouped more _____ so hair takes color ____ and can look darker.

<p>tightly, faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hair type can take longer to process?

<p>coarse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair _____ is the number of hairs per square inch, can range from thin to thick.

<p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the hair's ability to absorb moisture.

<p>porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is high porosity?

<p>Cuticle is lifted; hair takes color quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is low porosity?

<p>Cuticle is tight; hair is resistant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which porosity has a cuticle that is slightly raised, hair is normal and processes in average amount of time?

<p>average porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

A strand of hair that feels smooth with a cuticle that is compact, dense, and hard has a ________ porosity.

<p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair that is extremely ______ can process more quickly and result in a deeper hair color.

<p>porous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step in becoming a good colorist?

<p>Learning to identify a client's natural hair color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 main types of melanin in the cortex?

<p>Eumelanin, Pheomelanin, Mixed melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process.

<p>contributing pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the unit of measurement used to identify the lightness or darkness of a color.

<p>level</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is salt-and-pepper hair?

<p>Grey is blended throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person who has hair that is 70-90% gray usually has the most pigment hair in which part of their head?

<p>back of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a system for understanding color relationships.

<p>law of color</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ color is the predominant tone of color.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ are pure colors that cannot be achieved by combining other colors.

<p>primary colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary colors are _ ,_, and _.

<p>Red, Yellow, and Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are all colors created from?

<p>From the primary colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the strongest of the primary colors and is the only _____ primary color.

<p>Blue, cool</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primary color can bring depth or darkness to any color?

<p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is the medium primary color.

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red added to blue-based colors will cause them to appear:

<p>lighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red added to yellow colors will make them appear:

<p>darker</p> Signup and view all the answers

The weakest primary color is:

<p>yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you add yellow to other colors, the result will look:

<p>lighter and brighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

When all the primary colors are present in equal proportions, the resulting color is:

<p>black/muddy grey</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _______ color is a color obtained by mixing equal parts of 2 primary colors.

<p>secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The secondary colors are _,,and ____.

<p>Green, Orange, Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Green is an equal mixture of:

<p>yellow and blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Orange is an equal mixture of:

<p>red and yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Violet is an equal mixture of:

<p>blue and red</p> Signup and view all the answers

A_____ is an intermediate color achieved by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel in equal amounts.

<p>tertiary</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are primary and secondary colors positioned directly opposite each other on the color wheel.

<p>complementary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complementary colors ______ each other.

<p>neutralize</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color would you use to balance hair that is orange?

<p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color would you use to balance hair that is green?

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color would you use to balance hair that is yellow?

<p>Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ , or the hue, balance the color and can be described as warm, cool, or neutral.

<p>tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ tones reflect light so they look lighter than their actual level.

<p>warm</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ tones are colors that absorb more light, therefore they look deeper.

<p>cool</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tones are warm tones and are described as sandy or tan.

<p>natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

Color ______ are tones that can be added to a hair color formula to intensify the result.

<p>intensifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is the predominant tone of a color.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What base color is often used to cover gray hair?

<p>Neutral base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 2 categories do hair coloring products generally fall into?

<p>Non-oxidative and oxidative</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidative category has 2 classifications:

<p>Demi-permanent and permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The non-oxidative category also has 2 classifications:

<p>Temporary and semi-permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 roles of ammonia or an ammonia substitute?

<p>Raise cuticle of hair, increase penetration of dye, trigger lightening action of peroxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pigments in ______ are large and do not penetrate the cuticle layer.

<p>temporary hair color</p> Signup and view all the answers

Temporary hair color is a good choice for those who wish to _____ yellow or unwanted tones.

<p>neutralize</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is formulated to last through several shampoos, depending on the hair's porosity.

<p>semi-permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does semi-permanent color usually last?

<p>4-6 weeks depending on how much hair is shampooed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demi-permanent hair color is also known as _______ and is formulated to deposit, but not lighten color.

<p>deposit-only</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demi-permanent hair color requires both a high _____ and a high concentration of ______.

<p>pH, peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hair color glaze?

<p>Hair color service that adds shine and color to hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demi-Permanent Hair Color is ideal for:

<p>Introducing client to color service, blending or covering gray, refreshing faded pigment, color corrections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demi-permanent hair color is available in what 3 forms?

<p>Gel, cream, liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ can lighten and deposit color at the same time in a single process.

<p>Permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long before a permanent hair color service should a patch test be given?

<p>24-48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permanent hair coloring products contain uncolored dye precursors also called:

<p>aniline derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dye precursors are small and can easily _____ into the hair shaft.

<p>penetrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permanent dye molecules are trapped within the _____ of the hair.

<p>cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a soap cap?

<p>Combo of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture with shampoo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Permanent hair coloring products are regarded as the best products for covering _____ hair.

<p>gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural or vegetable colors are called:

<p>henna</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do natural colors lighten hair?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client who has used natural hair color comes into the salon, can you apply chemical products over it?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

______, also called progressive hair colors, contain metal salts that change hair color gradually.

<p>metallic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Historically, metallic hair colors have been marketed to:

<p>men</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two drawbacks of metallic hair color?

<p>Unnatural looking, limited range of colors, restricted application of any chemical service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hydrogen peroxide ______ is an oxidizing agent that supplies the oxygen needed to develop color molecules.

<p>developer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developers are also called:

<p>oxidizing agents/catalysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pH of developers is:

<p>Between 2.5 and 4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the most commonly used developer on the market.

<p>hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

______________________ measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide:

<p>volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lower the volume, the ______; the higher the volume, the ____.

<p>less lift; greater lift</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment.

<p>lighteners</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when hydrogen peroxide is mixed into the lightener formula?

<p>Release oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as:

<p>10 stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would a colorist choose to decolorize a client's hair before tinting?

<p>Create exact degree of contributing pigment needed for final result</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are traditional semi-permanent, demi-permanent, and permanent hair colors used primarily on pre-lightened hair.

<p>toners</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you tell if you have damaged hair while bleaching?

<p>Wet and mushy</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hair color _____ is the most critical part of the color service.

<p>consultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the single most reliable way to ensure a client's satisfaction?

<p>Allowing sufficient time for the consult</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much extra time should you book for the consultation?

<p>15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the client intake form?

<p>Get a hair history</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wall color ideally should be____ or ____ when performing the color consultation?

<p>white or neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Always remember to formulate with both _____ and ____ in mind.

<p>lift and deposit</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the 2 methods used for application of permanent hair color.

<p>Applicator bottle or brush and bowl</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the brush and bowl technique, the bowl should be a _____ mixing bowl.

<p>nonmetallic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hair Coloring Overview

  • Clients typically visit salons for hair coloring every 3-12 weeks.
  • Hair coloring is seen as one of the most creative and inspiring salon services.

Reasons for Hair Coloring

  • Cover or blend gray hair.
  • Enhance existing hair color.
  • Create fashion statements or express individuality.
  • Correct unwanted tones from environmental exposure.
  • Accentuate specific haircuts.

Hair Structure and Characteristics

  • Hair has three main parts:
    • Cuticle: outermost layer.
    • Cortex: middle layer known for strength, elasticity, and pigment.
    • Medulla: innermost layer with no significant function.
  • The cortex is where natural pigment (melanin) is found.
  • Melanin determines the natural color of hair.
  • Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual strands.

Hair Types and Processing

  • Fine hair has tightly grouped melanin granules, processing color quickly.
  • Coarse hair takes longer to process color.
  • Hair density refers to the number of hairs per square inch and can vary from thin to thick.
  • Porosity describes the hair's ability to absorb moisture.

Porosity Levels

  • High porosity: cuticle is lifted, hair takes color quickly.
  • Low porosity: tight cuticle, resistant to color absorption.
  • Average porosity: slightly raised cuticle, processes in an average time.
  • Low porosity leads to a smoother hair feel, while extremely porous hair processes color rapidly.

Identifying Natural Color

  • Learning to identify a client's natural hair color is crucial for successful coloring services.

Melanin Types

  • The cortex contains three types of melanin:
    • Eumelanin: dark pigment.
    • Pheomelanin: light pigment.
    • Mixed melanin: combination of both.

Color Theory

  • The law of color helps understand color relationships.
  • Base color refers to the predominant tone of a color.
  • Primary colors: red, yellow, blue; these are used to create all other colors.
  • Secondary colors, created by mixing two primary colors, include green, orange, and violet.

Balancing Color

  • Complementary colors neutralize each other; for example, blue balances orange, red balances green, and violet balances yellow.
  • Tones can be described as warm, cool, or neutral, affecting how colors appear.

Hair Coloring Products

  • Hair coloring products fall into two main categories:
    • Non-oxidative: temporary and semi-permanent.
    • Oxidative: demipermanent and permanent.
  • Ammonia or substitutes are important for raising hair cuticles, increasing dye penetration, and starting lightening action.

Hair Color Types

  • Temporary hair color coats the hair and can be removed by shampooing.
  • Semi-permanent lasts 4-6 weeks.
  • Demi-permanent is designed to deposit color without lightening.
  • Permanent color can both lighten and deposit color in one process.

Developer and Lighteners

  • Hydrogen peroxide is the most commonly used developer, classified by volume measuring concentration and strength.
  • Lighteners disperse and decolorize natural pigment to create lighter shades.
  • Decolonization may involve up to 10 stages to achieve the desired lightness.

Consultation and Application

  • A thorough consultation is vital for client satisfaction, requiring additional time.
  • Techniques for applying permanent color include using an applicator bottle or a non-metallic brush and bowl.

Special Considerations

  • Henna represents natural or vegetable colors, which do not lighten hair.
  • Metallic colors can cause a dull appearance and restrict chemical service types.
  • A soap cap combines permanent color with shampoo to create a lighter, foamy consistency during the service.

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Test your knowledge on hair coloring concepts with these flashcards from Chapter 21 of Milady. Understand the frequency of salon visits, the creative aspects of hair coloring, and the motivations behind clients' hair color choices. Perfect for cosmetology students and professionals looking to enhance their skills.

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