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Questions and Answers
Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every _____ weeks.
Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every _____ weeks.
three to twelve
What is a professional, industry-coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services?
What is a professional, industry-coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services?
Haircolor
The ________ of the client's hair and the desired results determine which hair color to use.
The ________ of the client's hair and the desired results determine which hair color to use.
Structure
The cortex contributes about _____ percent to the overall strength of the hair.
The cortex contributes about _____ percent to the overall strength of the hair.
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The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is ______.
The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is ______.
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Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair _____.
Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair _____.
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Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped ______.
Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped ______.
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The hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is _____
The hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is _____
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The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as ______.
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as ______.
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When the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is described as having ______ porosity.
When the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is described as having ______ porosity.
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When the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal, it is described as having _____ porosity.
When the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal, it is described as having _____ porosity.
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When the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous, it is described as having _____ porosity.
When the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous, it is described as having _____ porosity.
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To test for porosity, take several strands from four areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the _____
To test for porosity, take several strands from four areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the _____
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What type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair?
What type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair?
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What type of melanin gives blond and red colors to the hair?
What type of melanin gives blond and red colors to the hair?
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Contributing pigment, also known as _____, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a color process.
Contributing pigment, also known as _____, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a color process.
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What unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color?
What unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color?
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The system used by colorists to analyze hair color is ________.
The system used by colorists to analyze hair color is ________.
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The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as being a level _____
The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as being a level _____
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The lightest hair colors in the level system are _____
The lightest hair colors in the level system are _____
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What is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair?
What is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair?
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______ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect.
______ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect.
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The system used for understanding color relationships is the ________.
The system used for understanding color relationships is the ________.
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Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as ________.
Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as ________.
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Colors with a predominance of blue are ______ colors.
Colors with a predominance of blue are ______ colors.
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Colors with a predominance of red and/or yellow are _________ colors.
Colors with a predominance of red and/or yellow are _________ colors.
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The primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is _________.
The primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is _________.
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When all three primary colors are present in equal proportions, the resulting color is _________.
When all three primary colors are present in equal proportions, the resulting color is _________.
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A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a ________.
A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a ________.
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A color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color is a ___________.
A color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color is a ___________.
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Primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are _______.
Primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each other on the color wheel are _______.
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The hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as ________.
The hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as ________.
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Tones can be described as cool, warm, or ________.
Tones can be described as cool, warm, or ________.
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_________ tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level.
_________ tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level.
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_______ tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level.
_______ tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level.
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________ refers to the strength of the color.
________ refers to the strength of the color.
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What term describes the predominant tone of a color?
What term describes the predominant tone of a color?
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Each color is identified by a number and a letter, with the number indicating the level and the letter indicating the _____.
Each color is identified by a number and a letter, with the number indicating the level and the letter indicating the _____.
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Neutral base colors are often used to _______.
Neutral base colors are often used to _______.
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Non-oxidative haircolor is classified as temporary and _____ (traditional).
Non-oxidative haircolor is classified as temporary and _____ (traditional).
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Oxidative haircolor is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and _____ (lift and deposit).
Oxidative haircolor is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and _____ (lift and deposit).
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All haircoloring products require a patch test, with the exception of ______.
All haircoloring products require a patch test, with the exception of ______.
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As part of their composition, all permanent hair coloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and a(n) _________.
As part of their composition, all permanent hair coloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and a(n) _________.
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Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are ________.
Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are ________.
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Demipermanent colors are also known as _______.
Demipermanent colors are also known as _______.
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What coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair?
What coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair?
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Dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called ________.
Dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called ________.
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Metallic haircolors are also known as ______.
Metallic haircolors are also known as ______.
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________ haircolors, also known as vegetable haircolors, are obtained from the leaves or bark of plants.
________ haircolors, also known as vegetable haircolors, are obtained from the leaves or bark of plants.
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Haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain ______.
Haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain ______.
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______ is the most commonly used developer that supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop color molecules.
______ is the most commonly used developer that supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop color molecules.
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The concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of ________.
The concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of ________.
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The standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is ________.
The standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is ________.
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Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are _________.
Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are _________.
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What is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft?
What is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft?
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The process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as _______.
The process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as _______.
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During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as _________.
During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as _________.
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Decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of _______.
Decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of _______.
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What hair coloring product is used primarily on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors?
What hair coloring product is used primarily on pre-lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors?
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When is the most critical part of a color service?
When is the most critical part of a color service?
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Clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a __________.
Clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a __________.
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When applying color using the brush-and-bowl method, the mixing bowl should be ______.
When applying color using the brush-and-bowl method, the mixing bowl should be ______.
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Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a(n) _______.
Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a(n) _______.
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The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prescribes that a predisposition test be given _________.
The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prescribes that a predisposition test be given _________.
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What process lightens hair and deposits color in one application?
What process lightens hair and deposits color in one application?
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Examples of single-process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and _________.
Examples of single-process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and _________.
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A _________ application refers to the first time the hair is colored.
A _________ application refers to the first time the hair is colored.
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What is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair?
What is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair?
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You should NEVER apply hair color to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of _________.
You should NEVER apply hair color to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of _________.
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Overlapping hair color on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of _________.
Overlapping hair color on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of _________.
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What is the first step of double-process haircoloring?
What is the first step of double-process haircoloring?
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Lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as ________.
Lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as ________.
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Powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are _______.
Powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are _______.
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Powdered off-the-scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for _________ and stronger lightening.
Powdered off-the-scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for _________ and stronger lightening.
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The part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as ________.
The part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as ________.
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The coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as _______.
The coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as _______.
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The technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is _______.
The technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is _______.
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In the weaving foil technique, selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a _______.
In the weaving foil technique, selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a _______.
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The technique using a free-form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is ______.
The technique using a free-form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is ______.
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The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as _______.
The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as _______.
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A patch test is generally conducted behind the ear.
A patch test is generally conducted behind the ear.
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When applying color for a single-process retouch application, the color should be applied to the new growth using ______.
When applying color for a single-process retouch application, the color should be applied to the new growth using ______.
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Study Notes
Hair Coloring Fundamentals
- Clients typically visit salons for hair coloring every three to twelve weeks.
- Artificial haircoloring products and services are collectively termed as haircolor.
Hair Structure and Characteristics
- The structure of a client's hair and desired results dictate the choice of hair color.
- The cortex, or middle layer, contributes approximately 80% to hair strength and elasticity.
- Hair texture is influenced by the diameter of individual hair strands.
Hair Porosity
- Fine hair absorbs color quickly due to tightly grouped melanin granules, resulting in a darker appearance.
- Coarse-textured hair has a larger diameter and generally takes longer to process color.
- Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture, with three classifications: low, average, and high porosity based on cuticle condition.
Melanin Types
- Eumelanin provides black and brown shades, while pheomelanin offers blond and red tones.
- Undertone, or contributing pigment, influences warmth during permanent color or lightening.
Color Measurement and Analysis
- Color is identified by its lightness or darkness, typically measured on a scale known as the level system, ranging from level 1 (darkest) to level 10 (lightest).
- The color wheel serves as an essential tool for colorists to determine the natural hair level.
Color Theory
- The law of color explains relationships among colors, with primary colors being pure and not derived from mixtures.
- Warm colors (red, yellow) dominate over cool colors (blue), impacting the overall hair tone.
Color Application Techniques
- Tones can be categorized as cool, warm, or neutral, with warm tones appearing lighter due to light reflection.
- Intensity refers to color strength, while base indicates the predominant tone of the color.
Hair Coloring Products
- Non-oxidative haircolor is classified as temporary or semipermanent, while oxidative haircolor can be demipermanent or permanent.
- Developers are crucial in permanent hair coloring, with hydrogen peroxide being the most common agent, usually at a 20 volume concentration for most results.
Chemical Reactions in Coloring
- Oxidation occurs during the hair coloring process when oxygen is released within the hair shaft.
- Double-process application involves first pre-lightening hair before applying toner for results.
Safety and Testing Protocols
- A patch test is necessary before using an aniline derivative product, conducted 24 to 48 hours prior to application.
- Clients with any scalp abrasions should not receive hair color treatments.
Application Methods
- Single-process haircoloring allows for lifting and depositing color in one application.
- Highlighting involves lightening selected strands, while lowlighting darkens chosen strands.
Additional Techniques
- Baliage is a free-form method of applying lightener directly to styled hair.
- Pre-softening assists in better color penetration for gray or resistant hair.
Key Recommendations
- Avoid overlapping hair color on previously colored sections to prevent breakage and demarcation.
- New growth is the uncolored hair between the scalp and previously colored sections.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Dive into the essentials of haircoloring with our flashcards based on MILADY Chapter 21. Test your knowledge on client visits, terminology, and the science behind color selection. Perfect for aspiring cosmetologists and beauty professionals!
