EXAM 2 - Political Science

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What effect did the amendment granting former slaves' citizenship have on the Dred Scott case?

It reinforced the decision of the Dred Scott case.

It rendered the Dred Scott case void. (correct)

It established private discrimination as legal.

It mandated de facto segregation.

What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws?

To establish wholesale segregation in the South. (correct)

To promote civil rights for all citizens.

To provide equal facilities for black and white citizens.

To ensure public schools were desegregated.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases ruled that private discrimination is legal?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education

Civil Rights Cases (1883) (correct)

Sweatt v. Painter

What strategy did Thurgood Marshall employ in his legal battles against segregation?

First target states with no separate facilities. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, what was the ruling regarding public schools?

Public schools must be desegregated with all deliberate speed. Signup and view all the answers

What initiated the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955?

Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Washington March for Jobs and Freedom in August 1963?

Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Supreme Court in the federal court system?

To review decisions from lower courts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes the legal reasoning agreed upon by all justices in a Supreme Court decision?

Unanimous Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment in the Constitution contains the Due Process Clause, influencing the Incorporation Doctrine?

The 14th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the first instance of the Supreme Court declaring a federal law unconstitutional?

Dred Scott v. Sandford Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To protect individual civil liberties from governmental abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which type of opinion in the Supreme Court is written by justices who disagree with the decision?

Dissenting opinion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about oral arguments in the Supreme Court is accurate?

Each side is allowed 30 minutes to present their case Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the case Barron v. Baltimore (1833)?

It affirmed that the Bill of Rights protects against abuse only by the national government Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Supreme Court ruling in the case involving the police in Miami and anonymous tips?

Limits were established on police powers to prevent unreasonable searches. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court declare in the Gideon v Wainwright case regarding legal representation?

Indigent defendants are entitled to legal counsel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amendments deals specifically with protection from self-incrimination?

5th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What significant standard was established by the Miranda v Arizona case?

Defendants must be informed of their rights to remain silent. Signup and view all the answers

What is seditious speech?

Speech that encourages rebellion against the government. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 8th Amendment protect against?

Cruel and unusual punishment Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Gitlow v New York (1925)?

It established that states must uphold free speech rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which case expanded the definition of speech to include freedom of expression?

Tinker v Des Moines Signup and view all the answers

According to the Supreme Court, what criterion must be met for a death penalty sentence after Roper v Simmons?

The offender must be an adult at the time of the crime. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule regarding child pornography in Ferber v New York (1982)?

It is considered obscene and not protected. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amendments abolished slavery?

13th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What legal principle is associated with the Due Process Clause in the 14th Amendment?

Fair legal proceedings for all citizens Signup and view all the answers

What defines obscenity according to the Supreme Court?

Material lacking serious value in specified areas. Signup and view all the answers

What standard for libel involving public officials was established in New York Times v Sullivan (1964)?

There must be proof of malice. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes the rights of the adult press from the children's press as per Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier (1988)?

Children's press has fewer rights than adult press. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of negative freedoms?

Individual liberties from government regulation Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that executing 'mentally retarded' defendants is unconstitutional?

Virginia v Atkins Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Texas v Johnson (1989)?

The Supreme Court ruled that flag burning is a form of free speech. Signup and view all the answers

Which case incorporated the establishment clause into the Constitution?

Everson v Board of Education (1947) Signup and view all the answers

What is one requirement of the Lemon Test as established in Lemon v Kurtzman (1971)?

The law must have a secular purpose. Signup and view all the answers

What did the court rule regarding obscenity in Roth v United States (1957)?

Community standards can define obscenity. Signup and view all the answers

Which clause allows individuals to believe what they want but not always act on those beliefs?

Free Exercise Clause Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court rule in Ashcroft v Free Speech Coalition (2002) regarding virtual child pornography?

It is protected by the First Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Reynolds v United States (1878)?

It outlawed polygamy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the exclusionary rule state regarding evidence in court?

Prosecutors cannot introduce evidence that is illegally obtained. Signup and view all the answers

What assumption about church and state does the Constitution not explicitly state?

There is a wall of separation between church and state. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Lemon Test?

The law must primarily benefit religious organizations. Signup and view all the answers

In what context does due process require the government to provide fair procedures?

When the government prosecutes an individual. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Free Exercise Clause specifically protect?

The right to believe any religion without interference. Signup and view all the answers