Growth of the Regulatory State in Europe

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What was the primary role of the State during the 19th century in Europe?

Neutralize undesirable effects of uncontrolled development
Control the way goods and services are provided
Guarantee public order and conditions for individual development (correct)
Intervene in social and economic fields

What distinguishes the Positive State from the Regulatory State in terms of resolving disputes?

Disputes are solved by courts in the Positive State and internally in the Regulatory State
Disputes are left unresolved in both states
Both use courts for dispute resolution
Disputes are solved internally in the Positive State and by courts in the Regulatory State (correct)

Which period in European history saw more State intervention according to the text?

Both periods had equal levels of intervention
No intervention was observed in either period
Interventionist/Social/Positive State in the 20th century (correct)
Liberal/Abstainer State in the 19th century

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes the Regulatory State from the Positive State in terms of State functions?

Direct ownership of resources vs. disputes solved by courts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of a 'democratic deficit' in the regulatory state?

Perceived lack of democratic accountability and representation in regulatory decision-making (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can the 'democratic deficit' in regulatory agencies be addressed?

Enhancing public engagement and participation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to improve public understanding of the regulatory process?

Enhancing education and communication about regulations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are regulatory agencies often considered to have a 'democratic deficit'?

Because they operate independently from elected representatives (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential factor for ensuring diverse perspectives in regulatory decision-making?

Promoting mechanisms for public engagement (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do regulatory agencies need to be transparent about their activities?

To make information more accessible to the public (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some pros of better regulation as outlined in the text?

Ensuring public safety and fostering fair competition (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of independent agencies mentioned in the text?

High compliance costs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Regulatory State in Europe, as described in the text?

Insulation from direct democratic control (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'democratic deficit' apply to regulatory agencies?

They lack democratic accountability and representation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the growing trend towards privatization in Europe according to the text?

Shift from monopoly to privatization (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do regulatory agencies pose a challenge in terms of democratic accountability?

They operate independently from elected representatives (A) Signup and view all the answers

What major change in State functions distinguishes the Regulatory State from the Positive State?

Regulation of how goods and services are provided by other subjects (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Regulatory State differ from the Positive State in terms of resolving disputes?

Disputes are resolved through courts and judicial-like institutions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the shift in policy instruments from the Positive State to the Regulatory State according to the text?

Government at arm’s length through rules and standards (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Regulatory State differ from the Positive State in terms of ownership of resources?

Direct ownership of resources (B) Signup and view all the answers