Intro to State Safety Programme (SSP)

Intro State Safety Programme (SSP)

• SSP is an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety
• SSP is a management system for safety
• SSP aims to:
  • Ensure an effective legislative framework with specific operating regulations
  • Ensure SRM and safety coordination among relevant State aviation authorities
  • Support effective implementation and interaction with service providers' SMS
  • Facilitate monitoring and measurement of the State's aviation industry's safety performance
  • Maintain and continuously improve the State's overall safety performance

Who is Involved?

• State Authorities (SSP)
• Service providers

What is SSP?

• Aims at deciding safety actions through:
  • Risk assessment
  • Risk reduction action plan
  • Safety benefit assessments
  • Adaptation of action plans
• Make the best use of staff and financial resources
• Aims at safety efficiency of the above activities

Why SSP?

• Implementation of safety management requires State organizations to adapt their structures and function to support efficient relationships with service providers and their Safety Management Systems (SMS)
• SSP contains the elements to achieve such convergence (SMS, AOCS, SMS, Others, SMS, ADRS, SMS, ATOS, SSP, SMS, AMOS, SMS, ANSPS)

Implementation of an SSP

• SSP is a management system for regulation and administration of safety by the State
• Implementation of SSP is commensurate with size and complexity of State's aviation system
• Annex 19 includes a set of consolidated SARPs on State Safety Management Responsibilities to support streamlined implementation
• Safety Management Manual (SMM) provides guidance on SSP
• Practical implementation examples and tools are available from the Safety Management Implementation (SMI) website

SSP Components

• There are four components for the fundamentals of SSP

• Each component is subdivided into elements comprising the processes undertaken to manage safety

• These elements combine prescriptive and performance-based approaches

• The components support the implementation of safety management principles

• State Safety Policy, Objective & Resources

  • Primary Aviation Legislation (Incl. CE-1)
  • Specific Operating Regulation (Incl. CE-2)
  • State System and Function (Incl. CE-3)
  • Qualified Technical Personnel (CE-4)
  • Technical Guidance, tools, and provision of safety critical information (CE-5)

• State Safety Risk Management

  • Licensing, Certification, Authorization and Approval Obligation (CE-6)
  • Safety Management System Obligations
  • Accident and Incident Investigation
  • Management of Safety Risk (Incl. CE-8)

• State Safety Assurance

  • Surveillance Obligation (Incl. CE-7)
  • State Safety Performance

• State Safety Promotion

  • Internal communication and dissemination of safety information
  • External communication and dissemination of safety information

The Ten Commandments of an SSP Manager

• Awareness of national exposure to safety risks and safety responsibilities at state level
• Define the national ALOSP
• Set up an adequate SSP structure
• Include national safety investigation authority in SSP
• Collect and analyse safety data
• Establish a safety plan
• Decide on and carry out safety actions (3 pillars)
• Train staff
• Select relevant safety performance indicators
• Build win-win relations with service providers

ATS Incident Investigation

• Objectives of Investigation:
  • What happened?
  • What caused the event?
  • What must be done to prevent recurring events?

Skills

• Investigator Skills:
  • Investigative
  • Analytical
  • Report Writing
  • Interpersonal Relationships Skills

Incident Investigation Phase

• Preparation for the investigation
  • Decide who to interview
  • Decide what information and gather information
  • Checklist
• Conducting the investigation
  • Arriving on site
  • Collecting and handling information
  • Statements
  • Conducting the interview
  • Technical/Engineering aspect
  • Exiting site

Interview Preparation

• Summarize available information
• Set objectives and list essential issues
• Plan structure - work base if needed, base around logical path
• Review process of interviewing witnesses.

Witness Interview

• Should not interview until reviewed all relevant information
• Relevant information:
  • relevant legislation
  • relevant operational/administrative documents
• Witness information:
  • training history/requirement
  • licensing, medical information
  • operational log, weather report, notam
  • audio tapes, radar data
  • Support for witnesses
    • Witnesses should be given the option of having support persons at the interview
    • Support persons could include colleagues

Interviewer Support

• Interviewer should be assisted by colleagues who knows the circumstances of the investigation
• Colleagues can take notes, assist with questions/documents, corroborate what was said and done during the interview

Interview Witnesses One at a Time

• Do not interview witnesses in front of another witness
• Evidence of one might influence the evidence of another

Confidentiality

• Investigation requires a standard of sensitivity and discretion
• All data are confidential
• Investigator Must Not:
  • Interview witness in front of another witness
  • Ask leading questions
  • Cross examine witnesses
  • Disclose information sources
  • Release personal information
  • Release information outside of procedures
  • Speculate about causes
  • Include relevant comments

Preparation for Investigation

• Investigation strategies
• Witnesses
• Documentation
• Data, such as Radar and VOI tapes
• Investigation scope
• Reporting to management
• Investigation time frame
• Write a plan

Stage of the Interview

• Opening the interview:
  • Use non-threatening environment
  • Introduce yourself and others
  • Establish rapport
  • Set parameter
  • Describe your role
  • Describe purpose of the interview
  • Ask permission to take note
• Gathering information
  • General account of the event
  • Follow up questioning
  • Obtain background information
• Closing the interview:
  • Ensure all issues have been covered
  • Listen to questions from interviewee
    • Further contact/follow up
    • Thank interviewee

Types of Interview Questions

• Hierarchy of Questioning Techniques: Unstructured free recall (Open ended questions, Encourage responses, Paraphrasing, Closed questions (Multiple Choice), Leading Question)

Flight 587 Data Collection

• Summary of 349 eyewitnesses' testimonies

Best from Witnesses

• Preparation
• Timeliness
• Location
• Rapport
• Status (status of witness)
• Language
• Emotional state

Who to Believe?

• When confronted by disparity in witness accounts, go back to the physical evidence
• What might this include for an ATC occurrence?

Witnesses Limitations

• Controllers
• Flight crew
• Work colleagues
• Family members
• Industry personnel
• Military personnel
• Members of the public

A Final Word

• No matter how experienced you are, remember good interviewing takes effort
• Make the time to prepare well and refresh on basic rules
• Keep and review notes before interview

This quiz covers the fundamentals of the State Safety Programme (SSP) designed to enhance safety in aviation. It discusses regulations, roles of state authorities, and the processes involved in decision-making for safety actions. Test your knowledge on the integrated management system aimed at improving aviation safety performance.