Intro to State Safety Programme (SSP)
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Questions and Answers

Which component of an SSP focuses specifically on the management of safety risks?

  • State Safety Promotion
  • State Safety Assurance
  • State Safety Policy, Objective & Resources
  • State Safety Risk Management (correct)

    • What element is included under State Safety Policy, Objective & Resources?

  • Surveillance Obligation
  • Accident and Incident Investigation
  • Qualified Technical Personnel (correct)
  • Internal Communication of Safety Information

    • Which of the following is NOT part of State Safety Assurance?

  • Surveillance Obligation
  • Safety Management System Obligations
  • Management of Safety Risk (correct)
  • State Safety Performance

    • What is the purpose of the Safety Management Manual (SMM)?

    <p>To guide the implementation of an SSP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is associated with the obligation to monitor safety performance?

    <p>Surveillance Obligation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of an incident investigation?

    <p>To answer what happened, what caused the event, and how to prevent recurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is NOT listed as essential for an investigator?

    <p>Negotiation skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands is NOT part of the Ten Commandments of an SSP Manager?

    <p>You shall provide financial compensation to all affected parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the preparation phase for an incident investigation?

    <p>Deciding who to interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase in the incident investigation process?

    <p>Analyzing the financial implications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for building win-win relations with service providers' SMSs?

    <p>Incorporating their views in safety management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skills are critical for conducting an investigation?

    <p>Report writing skills and interpersonal relationships skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT pertain to safety actions outlined in the Ten Commandments of an SSP Manager?

    <p>Ensure financial audits are performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an interview compared to an interrogation?

    <p>To gather information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in planning the interview?

    <p>Conduct a public announcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the interview do you primarily gather detailed information?

    <p>Follow up questioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice to establish rapport with a witness during the interview?

    <p>Use a non-threatening environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done at the closing of the interview?

    <p>Ensure all issues have been covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of a State Safety Programme (SSP)?

    <p>To improve safety through integrated regulations and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the State Safety Programme?

    <p>Oversight of flight operations by private companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for State organizations to adapt their structures in relation to safety management?

    <p>To ensure effective relationships with service providers' SMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the SSP support the safety management of service providers?

    <p>By providing a framework for service providers to implement their SMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the implementation of an SSP necessitate for effective safety management?

    <p>Coordination among authorities responsible for civil aviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is critical for maintaining continuous improvement in the State’s safety performance?

    <p>A strong legislative framework and operable regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the aviation industry does the SSP facilitate monitoring and measurement for?

    <p>Safety performance of the State's aviation industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do State aviation authorities play in relation to the SSP?

    <p>They adapt their functions to manage safety effectively within the SSP framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of unstructured free recall at the beginning of an interview?

    <p>To gather brief, incomplete information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of questions is designed to elicit lengthy responses from interviewees?

    <p>Open-ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does paraphrasing play in an interview?

    <p>To clarify and confirm understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encouraging responses in an interview mainly serves to do what?

    <p>Indicate tracking and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of closed questions?

    <p>They seek factual information with short answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of encouraging response?

    <p>Leading questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question helps break down complex information into simpler components?

    <p>Closed questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an open-ended question?

    <p>Can you describe what you heard next?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of eyewitnesses reported seeing an airborne fire on Flight 587?

    <p>52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of leading questions?

    <p>They anticipate the answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the perceptual constraints that can affect eyewitness testimony?

    <p>Lighting/visibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many eyewitnesses out of 349 reported seeing the aircraft descend?

    <p>74%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is suggested for obtaining better eyewitness accounts?

    <p>Using models or drawings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of eyewitness testimony is most likely influenced by a person's emotional state?

    <p>Clarity of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aerial maneuver was reported by 18% of the witnesses regarding the aircraft during the incident?

    <p>Entering a left turn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception can lead to ineffective questioning during witness interviews?

    <p>Believing emotional state is irrelevant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intro State Safety Programme (SSP)

    • SSP is an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety
    • SSP is a management system for safety
    • SSP aims to:
      • Ensure an effective legislative framework with specific operating regulations
      • Ensure SRM and safety coordination among relevant State aviation authorities
      • Support effective implementation and interaction with service providers' SMS
      • Facilitate monitoring and measurement of the State's aviation industry's safety performance
      • Maintain and continuously improve the State's overall safety performance

    Who is Involved?

    • State Authorities (SSP)
    • Service providers

    What is SSP?

    • Aims at deciding safety actions through:
      • Risk assessment
      • Risk reduction action plan
      • Safety benefit assessments
      • Adaptation of action plans
    • Make the best use of staff and financial resources
    • Aims at safety efficiency of the above activities

    Why SSP?

    • Implementation of safety management requires State organizations to adapt their structures and function to support efficient relationships with service providers and their Safety Management Systems (SMS)
    • SSP contains the elements to achieve such convergence (SMS, AOCS, SMS, Others, SMS, ADRS, SMS, ATOS, SSP, SMS, AMOS, SMS, ANSPS)

    Implementation of an SSP

    • SSP is a management system for regulation and administration of safety by the State
    • Implementation of SSP is commensurate with size and complexity of State's aviation system
    • Annex 19 includes a set of consolidated SARPs on State Safety Management Responsibilities to support streamlined implementation
    • Safety Management Manual (SMM) provides guidance on SSP
    • Practical implementation examples and tools are available from the Safety Management Implementation (SMI) website

    SSP Components

    • There are four components for the fundamentals of SSP

    • Each component is subdivided into elements comprising the processes undertaken to manage safety

    • These elements combine prescriptive and performance-based approaches

    • The components support the implementation of safety management principles

    • State Safety Policy, Objective & Resources

      • Primary Aviation Legislation (Incl. CE-1)
      • Specific Operating Regulation (Incl. CE-2)
      • State System and Function (Incl. CE-3)
      • Qualified Technical Personnel (CE-4)
      • Technical Guidance, tools, and provision of safety critical information (CE-5)

    • State Safety Risk Management

      • Licensing, Certification, Authorization and Approval Obligation (CE-6)
      • Safety Management System Obligations
      • Accident and Incident Investigation
      • Management of Safety Risk (Incl. CE-8)

    • State Safety Assurance

      • Surveillance Obligation (Incl. CE-7)
      • State Safety Performance

    • State Safety Promotion

      • Internal communication and dissemination of safety information
      • External communication and dissemination of safety information

    The Ten Commandments of an SSP Manager

    • Awareness of national exposure to safety risks and safety responsibilities at state level
    • Define the national ALOSP
    • Set up an adequate SSP structure
    • Include national safety investigation authority in SSP
    • Collect and analyse safety data
    • Establish a safety plan
    • Decide on and carry out safety actions (3 pillars)
    • Train staff
    • Select relevant safety performance indicators
    • Build win-win relations with service providers

    ATS Incident Investigation

    • Objectives of Investigation:
      • What happened?
      • What caused the event?
      • What must be done to prevent recurring events?

    Skills

    • Investigator Skills:
      • Investigative
      • Analytical
      • Report Writing
      • Interpersonal Relationships Skills

    Incident Investigation Phase

    • Preparation for the investigation
      • Decide who to interview
      • Decide what information and gather information
      • Checklist
    • Conducting the investigation
      • Arriving on site
      • Collecting and handling information
      • Statements
      • Conducting the interview
      • Technical/Engineering aspect
      • Exiting site

    Interview Preparation

    • Summarize available information
    • Set objectives and list essential issues
    • Plan structure - work base if needed, base around logical path
    • Review process of interviewing witnesses.

    Witness Interview

    • Should not interview until reviewed all relevant information
    • Relevant information:
      • relevant legislation
      • relevant operational/administrative documents
    • Witness information:
      • training history/requirement
      • licensing, medical information
      • operational log, weather report, notam
      • audio tapes, radar data
      • Support for witnesses
        • Witnesses should be given the option of having support persons at the interview
        • Support persons could include colleagues

    Interviewer Support

    • Interviewer should be assisted by colleagues who knows the circumstances of the investigation
    • Colleagues can take notes, assist with questions/documents, corroborate what was said and done during the interview

    Interview Witnesses One at a Time

    • Do not interview witnesses in front of another witness
    • Evidence of one might influence the evidence of another

    Confidentiality

    • Investigation requires a standard of sensitivity and discretion
    • All data are confidential
    • Investigator Must Not:
      • Interview witness in front of another witness
      • Ask leading questions
      • Cross examine witnesses
      • Disclose information sources
      • Release personal information
      • Release information outside of procedures
      • Speculate about causes
      • Include relevant comments

    Preparation for Investigation

    • Investigation strategies
    • Witnesses
    • Documentation
    • Data, such as Radar and VOI tapes
    • Investigation scope
    • Reporting to management
    • Investigation time frame
    • Write a plan

    Stage of the Interview

    • Opening the interview:
      • Use non-threatening environment
      • Introduce yourself and others
      • Establish rapport
      • Set parameter
      • Describe your role
      • Describe purpose of the interview
      • Ask permission to take note
    • Gathering information
      • General account of the event
      • Follow up questioning
      • Obtain background information
    • Closing the interview:
      • Ensure all issues have been covered
      • Listen to questions from interviewee
        • Further contact/follow up
        • Thank interviewee

    Types of Interview Questions

    • Hierarchy of Questioning Techniques: Unstructured free recall (Open ended questions, Encourage responses, Paraphrasing, Closed questions (Multiple Choice), Leading Question)

    Flight 587 Data Collection

    • Summary of 349 eyewitnesses' testimonies

    Best from Witnesses

    • Preparation
    • Timeliness
    • Location
    • Rapport
    • Status (status of witness)
    • Language
    • Emotional state

    Who to Believe?

    • When confronted by disparity in witness accounts, go back to the physical evidence
    • What might this include for an ATC occurrence?

    Witnesses Limitations

    • Controllers
    • Flight crew
    • Work colleagues
    • Family members
    • Industry personnel
    • Military personnel
    • Members of the public

    A Final Word

    • No matter how experienced you are, remember good interviewing takes effort
    • Make the time to prepare well and refresh on basic rules
    • Keep and review notes before interview

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    Related Documents

    ATS Management System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of the State Safety Programme (SSP) designed to enhance safety in aviation. It discusses regulations, roles of state authorities, and the processes involved in decision-making for safety actions. Test your knowledge on the integrated management system aimed at improving aviation safety performance.

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