Growth & Development Week 8: Preschool Health
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Questions and Answers

At what age can preschoolers typically use sentences of 6-8 words?

  • 3 years
  • 6 years
  • 5 years (correct)
  • 4 years
  • Which developmental process do preschoolers complete during this stage?

  • Attachment
  • Self-regulation
  • Cognitive restructuring
  • Separation-individuation (correct)
  • What is a key aspect of social development observed in preschoolers during play?

  • Associative play (correct)
  • Cooperative play
  • Competitive play
  • Solitary play
  • By the age of 4, how many words can preschoolers generally understand or use?

    <p>1500 words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotions do preschoolers still need from their parents when entering new social settings?

    <p>Security and reassurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of speech is typically exhibited by a 3-year-old?

    <p>Telegraphic speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms relates to preschoolers' awareness of size in comparison to their peers?

    <p>Body image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play is characterized by preschoolers engaging in fantasy activities?

    <p>Imaginative play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in the ability of preschool children to interact socially?

    <p>Ability to interact cooperatively with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes physical growth during the preschool years?

    <p>The rate of physical growth slows and stabilizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical development during the preschool years?

    <p>Mastery of complex academic concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prominent physical characteristic of preschool-aged children?

    <p>They are slender and sturdy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During preschool years, which aspect of motor development is most emphasized?

    <p>Increased strength and refinement of previously learned skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age range defines the preschool period?

    <p>3-6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of developments are particularly recognized during the preschool years?

    <p>Major psychosexual, psychosocial, cognitive, and moral developments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ability to control bodily functions during preschool indicate?

    <p>Emerging independence from caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average height gain per year during preschool age?

    <p>5-7.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can a child typically tie their shoelaces?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vital signs is considered normal for a preschool-aged child?

    <p>Temperature of 36.5 – 37.3°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gross motor skill is typically developed by the age of 4?

    <p>Skips and hops on one foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average total weight for a child at 4 years of age?

    <p>16.7 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what age do preschoolers usually recognize desirable and undesirable appearances in individuals?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fine motor skill is developed by a 3-year-old?

    <p>Builds a tower of 9-10 cubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal heart rate for a preschool-aged child?

    <p>70-115 beats/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary body zone of interest during Freud's psychosexual stage characterized by genital exploration?

    <p>Genital area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major conflicts arise during Freud's phallic stage?

    <p>Oedipus and Electra complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Erikson's psychosocial stage of Initiative vs. Guilt, what is the chief psychosocial task?

    <p>Acquiring a sense of initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to a sense of guilt in Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

    <p>Overstepping their limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might children resolve rivalry with their same-sex parent during the phallic stage?

    <p>By identifying with the same-sex parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is typical during the initiative stage of psychosocial development?

    <p>Engaging in energetic learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might stress a child in the phallic stage according to Freud?

    <p>Wishing their parent dead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the initiative stage in Erikson's theory?

    <p>Avoiding responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences preschoolers' understanding of good or bad behavior?

    <p>The associated punishment or reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes preschoolers' spiritual development?

    <p>They have a concrete concept of God with physical characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do preschoolers typically interpret punishment?

    <p>As a consequence for their real or imagined bad behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way preschoolers process guilt related to their behavior?

    <p>By misinterpreting illness as punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do preschoolers typically learn religious practices?

    <p>By imitating their parents without fully understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of moral development is particularly linked to spiritual development in preschoolers?

    <p>The development of a conscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might help preschoolers cope during stressful times according to the content?

    <p>Participation in religious traditions and community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement represents a common misconception about preschoolers' understanding of good and bad behavior?

    <p>They can rationalize moral dilemmas thoughtfully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feeling may arise when a child undertakes activities that conflict with the goals of others?

    <p>Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cognitive development phase do children begin to shift from egocentric thought to social awareness?

    <p>Preoperational phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way preschoolers explain concepts as they relate to their own understanding?

    <p>They explain as they heard it described by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may lead to feelings of guilt and insecurity in a child?

    <p>Being excluded or made fun of by peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do preschoolers often communicate their thoughts to others?

    <p>Through egocentric verbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of preschoolers' understanding of language?

    <p>They use language without understanding its meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the intuitive thought phase of cognitive development, children primarily demonstrate which of the following?

    <p>Egocentricity is still evident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to be used to explore young children's thinking effectively?

    <p>Nonverbal approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Growth and Development Lecture Week 8: Health Promotion of the Preschool and Family

    • Learning Objectives:
      • Identify major biological developments in preschoolers (ages 3-6).
      • Discuss body image development in preschoolers.
      • Describe language and play developments in preschool years.
      • Recognize psychosexual, psychosocial, cognitive, and moral developments in the preschool years.

    Introduction (Preschool Period - 3-6 years)

    • Abilities: Interact cooperatively with other children and adults; control bodily functions; experience brief and prolonged periods of separation; use language for mental symbolization; increased attention span and memory.

    • Physical Proportions: No longer squat and pot-bellied; become slender, sturdy, graceful, agile, and posturally erect.

    • Physical Growth: Rate slows and stabilizes; most children are toilet trained; motor development increases in strength and refinement.

    Biological Development

    • Weight: Average weight gain is approximately 2-3 kg per year; ~14.7 kg at 3 years, ~16.7 kg at 4 years, ~18.7 kg at 5 years.
    • Height: Average height gain is approximately 5-7.5 cm per year; ~95 cm at 3 years, ~103 cm at 4 years, ~110 cm at 5 years.

    Preschool Age Group - Vital Signs

    • Temperature: 36.5 – 37.3°C
    • Respiratory Rate: 16-22 breaths per minute
    • Heart Rate: 70-115 beats per minute
    • Blood Pressure: 100/55 mm Hg

    Gross Motor Development

    • Abilities: Ride a tricycle, stand on one foot for a few seconds, go up stairs using alternating feet, broad jump, skip and hop on one foot, walk downstairs and upstairs using alternating footing, skip and hop on alternating feet, jump rope from 30 cm height, walk backward with heel to toe, balance on alternate feet with eyes closed. Ages are listed in table format.

    Fine Motor Development

    • Abilities: Build a tower of 9-10 cubes, adeptly place small pellets, make a circle with facial features, use scissors to successfully cut out a picture following an outline, able to lace shoes but not able to tie bow, copy square and traces a cross and diamond, able to tie shoelaces, use scissors and simple tools or pencils, copy diamonds and triangles, print a few letters, numbers or words, and handedness is established (90% right-handed). Ages are listed in table format.

    Development of Body Image

    • Language comprehension: Recognition of desirable and undesirable appearances.
    • Awareness: Differences in skin color and racial identity.
    • Word association: Understanding of words such as "pretty" and "ugly".
    • Peer comparison (Age 5): Comparison of size to peers, leading to awareness of being large or small.

    Development of Body Image (continued)

    • Separation-individuation: Anxiety associated with strangers and separation is overcome.
    • Relationships: Easy to get along with unfamiliar people, and tolerate brief periods of separations from parents. Guidance, reassurance, and approval are still needed.
    • Prolonged separation (illness, hospitalization): Difficult, but preschoolers respond well to preparation and clear explanations.

    Social Development (Language & Play)

    • Language milestones: 900 words, sentences of 3-4 words, telegraphic speech, 1500 words, sentences of 5-6 words, knowledge of colors, following prepositional phrases, 2100 words, sentences of 6-8 words, knowledge of colors, knowledge of coins, knowledge of days, months, and weeks. Ages are listed in table format.
    • Play types:
      • Associative play: Group play in similar or identical activities, but without rigid organization or rules.
      • Preschoolers' activities: Enjoy a sense of accomplishment from activities like building blocks.
      • Imaginative/dramatic play: Typical of preschoolers who enjoy fantasy play.

    Personality, Cognitive, and Moral Development

    • Freud: Psychosexual stage (phallic); genitalia become a sensitive area; primary body zone: genital area; Oedipus and Electra complexes

    • Erikson: Psychosocial stage (initiative vs. guilt); children are energetic learners engaging in play, work, and everyday life; conflict arises when children overstep boundaries, leading to guilt.

    • Cognitive development: Readiness for school and learning; preoperational phase (ages 2-7); pre-conceptual phase (2-4 years), intuitive thought phase (4-7 years); egocentricity is still present; understands basic concepts like time and opposites; believe thoughts are powerful.

    • Kohlberg: Moral judgment stages of development: punishment and obedience orientation (2-4 years), naive instrumental orientation (4-7 years).

    • Moral development: Children's moral development is at a basic level, with little concern for the reasons behind actions, adhering to rules due to freedom or restriction.

    • Spiritual development: Develop concrete concept of God often similar to an imaginary friend; understand simple religious stories and memorize short prayers/rituals; benefit from concrete representations like religious books and animated shows.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key aspects of health promotion for preschoolers aged 3-6, focusing on their biological, language, and play developments. Additionally, it addresses body image, psychosexual, psychosocial, cognitive, and moral growth during this critical stage. Test your knowledge on how to support the development of preschool children and their families.

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