Group Communication and Groupthink Theory

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Group Communication Theory?

  • Leadership styles
  • Communication functions within groups (correct)
  • Organizational hierarchy
  • Individual behavior

Groupthink is characterized by:

  • Open discussion and debate
  • Critical evaluation of ideas
  • Diverse opinions
  • Lack of consideration for alternative viewpoints (correct)

Who developed the Groupthink theory?

  • Daft & Lengel
  • George Gerbner
  • Irving Janis (correct)
  • Paul Lazarsfeld

The illusion of invulnerability is a symptom of:

<p>Groupthink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a measure to prevent Groupthink?

<p>Limit discussions to one viewpoint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of organizational communication?

<p>Management, feedback, information, persuasion, emotional sharing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does modern organizational communication differ from classical communication?

<p>Recognition of flexibility and human relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Media Richness Theory was developed by:

<p>Daft &amp; Lengel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medium is considered the richest according to Media Richness Theory?

<p>Face-to-face communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normative communication theories provide:

<p>Ethical guidelines for responsible communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Social Responsibility Theory asserts that media organizations must:

<p>Serve the public interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authoritarian Theory suggests:

<p>All communication is under government control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agenda-Setting Theory indicates that:

<p>Media shapes public perception by highlighting certain issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultivation Theory was developed by:

<p>George Gerbner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Cultivation Theory, heavy media consumers:

<p>May adopt views portrayed in media content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uses and Gratifications Theory focuses on:

<p>Why individuals consume media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypodermic Needle Theory suggests that:

<p>Media messages have a direct and immediate effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Two-Step Flow Theory challenges which earlier theory?

<p>Hypodermic Needle Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Two-Step Flow Theory, who plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion?

<p>Opinion leaders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective Exposure Theory suggests that individuals:

<p>Seek content that aligns with their beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Confirmation Bias refers to:

<p>The preference for information that supports existing beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive dissonance occurs when:

<p>There is discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Echo chambers are created when:

<p>Individuals only hear similar opinions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Filter bubbles result from:

<p>Algorithms showing content that aligns with past behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective Retention refers to:

<p>Remembering information that supports beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group Communication Theory primarily examines:

<p>Communication within teams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Groupthink?

<p>Desire for consensus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A devil's advocate is appointed to:

<p>Challenge prevailing viewpoints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The impact of Groupthink on communication includes:

<p>Suppression of dissenting viewpoints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The negative consequences of Groupthink include:

<p>Increased commitment to failing actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Encouraging open communication aims to:

<p>Foster an environment for critical thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Media Richness Theory emphasizes:

<p>Matching communication media to tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most effective communication occurs when:

<p>The medium matches task requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normative communication theories focus on:

<p>Ethical standards and guidelines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of media theory emphasizes the media's role in serving public interest?

<p>Social Responsibility Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The key assumption of Agenda-Setting Theory is that:

<p>Media filters and shapes public perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultivation Theory's main idea is that:

<p>Prolonged exposure shapes perceptions of reality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uses and Gratifications Theory explores:

<p>Audience motivations for media consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Hypodermic Needle Theory assumes that audiences are:

<p>Passive recipients of media content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Two-Step Flow Theory suggests that:

<p>Opinion leaders mediate media effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective Exposure Theory indicates that people tend to:

<p>Avoid content that contradicts their beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Confirmation Bias can lead to:

<p>Reinforced existing beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive dissonance can result in:

<p>Avoiding content that challenges beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Echo chambers are often formed by:

<p>Algorithms that filter information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Filter bubbles create:

<p>Limited exposure to differing viewpoints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selective Retention strengthens:

<p>Existing beliefs over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary goal of Group Communication Theory is to:

<p>Understand group dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Groupthink can lead to:

<p>Flawed decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key symptom of Groupthink is:

<p>Collective rationalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To mitigate Groupthink, groups should:

<p>Foster an environment for dissent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Group Communication Theory focus on?

<p>Communication within groups or teams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Groupthink?

<p>Making decisions without critical evaluation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one symptom of Groupthink?

<p>Illusion of invulnerability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent Groupthink?

<p>Self-censorship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of organizational communication?

<p>Improving efficiency and team performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of organizational communication?

<p>Emotional sharing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does modern organizational communication differ from classical approaches?

<p>Classical is hierarchical, while modern values adaptability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the richest communication medium according to Media Richness Theory?

<p>Face-to-face communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a low-richness medium?

<p>Flier or bulletin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of normative theories?

<p>Providing ethical guidelines for media and communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Social Responsibility Theory emphasize?

<p>Media's duty to serve public interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the Authoritarian Theory?

<p>Media is controlled by the government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory promotes media independence and freedom?

<p>Social Responsibility Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key concern of normative communication theories?

<p>Ethical standards in communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Agenda-Setting Theory suggest?

<p>Media shapes what issues people think about (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Cultivation Theory?

<p>George Gerbner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Uses and Gratifications Theory focus on?

<p>How media satisfies individual needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key assumption of Cultivation Theory?

<p>Heavy media consumers adopt views from media content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of mass communication?

<p>Limiting freedom of speech (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Hypodermic Needle Theory suggest?

<p>Media messages directly and powerfully influence audiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Group Communication Theory

Focuses on communication functions within groups and teams.

Groupthink

A mode of thinking where members prioritize consensus over critical evaluation.

Irving Janis

The psychologist who developed the Groupthink theory.

Illusion of invulnerability

A symptom of Groupthink where members feel they cannot fail.

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Preventing Groupthink

Strategies like encouraging open communication and appointing a devil’s advocate.

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Functions of organizational communication

Includes management, feedback, information sharing, and emotional sharing.

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Media Richness Theory

Suggests that richer communication media lead to better understanding.

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Face-to-face communication

Considered the richest medium according to Media Richness Theory.

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Normative communication theories

Provide ethical guidelines for responsible media and communication.

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Social Responsibility Theory

Media’s duty to serve the public interest and act ethically.

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Agenda-Setting Theory

Media shapes public perception by prioritizing certain issues.

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Cultivation Theory

Prolonged exposure to media content shapes audiences' perceptions of reality.

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Uses and Gratifications Theory

Focuses on why individuals consume media.

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Hypodermic Needle Theory

Suggests media messages are injected directly into passive audiences.

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Two-Step Flow Theory

Proposes that media influences public opinion through opinion leaders.

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Selective Exposure Theory

Individuals seek information that aligns with their existing beliefs.

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Confirmation Bias

The tendency to favor information that supports existing beliefs.

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Cognitive dissonance

Discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or ideas.

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Echo chambers

Situations where individuals only hear similar opinions.

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Filter bubbles

Algorithms limit exposure to diverse viewpoints based on past behavior.

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Selective Retention

The tendency to remember information that supports beliefs.

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Group dynamics

Interactions and behaviors that occur within a group.

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Conflict in groups

Can arise from differing opinions and lead to better decisions if managed well.

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Diversity in groups

Encourages varied perspectives and creative solutions.

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Decision-making quality

The effectiveness of choices made within a group context.

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Open communication

Encouraging honest dialogue and feedback among group members.

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Fluidity of modern communication

Modern organizational communication recognizes flexibility and human relations.

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Communication effectiveness

Achieved when the medium suits the task requirements.

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Ethical media practice

Involves upholding standards of honesty and responsibility in communication.

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Innovation in communication

Advancements in methods and technologies that enhance interaction.

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Media influence

The impact that media has on public beliefs and opinions.

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Study Notes

Group Communication (Groupthink) Theory

  • Examines individual learning and communication within teams or groups.
  • It's not focused on government speech regulations or one-on-one conversations.

Groupthink

  • Characterized by a lack of critical evaluation of ideas and a reluctance to consider alternative viewpoints.
  • This leads to poor decision-making within groups.
  • Irving Janis developed Groupthink Theory.

Symptoms of Groupthink

  • Illusion of invulnerability
  • Belief in inherent morality of the group
  • Rationalizing warnings
  • Stereotyping those opposed to the group's ideas
  • Self-censorship
  • Illusion of unanimity
  • Direct pressure on dissenters
  • Mindguarding, which protect members against adverse information

Preventing Groupthink

  • Encouraging open communication
  • Seeking external input
  • Appointing a devil's advocate

Organizational Communication

  • Includes management, feedback, sharing information and persuasion.
  • It is also important to take into consideration emotional sharing.
  • It involves organizing, leading, and controlling.

Media Richness Theory

  • Focuses on matching communication media to specific tasks.
  • Face-to-face conversations are considered the richest medium, followed by telephone calls, memos, and email.
  • This theory helps organizations choose the most effective communication medium for a specific situation.

Normative Communication Theories

  • Focus on ethical standards and guidelines for media production.
  • This encompasses historical media practices and audience reception.
  • These theories focus on how the media serves the public interest, rather than profit-making.
  • Examples include Authoritarian theory, Libertarian theory, Social Responsibility theory, and Cultivation Theory.

Agenda-Setting Theory

  • This theory suggests that the media has a role in shaping public perception.
  • The media can influence what issues people think about and how strongly they feel about those issues.
  • The theory proposes that the media shapes public perception by highlighting certain issues rather than reflecting reality.

Cultivation Theory

  • This theory examines how prolonged exposure to media shapes perceptions of reality.
  • This theory suggests that heavy media consumers are more prone to adopting the views portrayed in media content.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

  • Explores how individuals use media to satisfy their needs and fulfill their desires.

Hypodermic Needle Theory

  • This theory suggests that media messages directly and powerfully influence audiences, impacting them without any internal considerations or analyses.

Two-Step Flow Theory

  • This theory proposes that media messages pass through opinion leaders first, who then influence others.
  • This model recognizes that media effects occur indirectly through intermediaries.

Selective Exposure Theory

  • This theory states that people tend to consume media content that aligns with their beliefs and perspectives.

Selective Retention

  • This emphasizes that people tend to remember media information that aligns with existing beliefs.

Echo Chambers

  • These comprise groups in which people only hear similar perspectives and opinions, often through algorithms or intentional choices.

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