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Questions and Answers
Which of these factors does the best point size depend on?
Which of these factors does the best point size depend on?
Which of these type styles is considered least disruptive and therefore most readable?
Which of these type styles is considered least disruptive and therefore most readable?
What does point size refer to?
What does point size refer to?
What size range is considered readable for most people, according to the content provided?
What size range is considered readable for most people, according to the content provided?
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Which of these are examples of special effects that can reduce readability?
Which of these are examples of special effects that can reduce readability?
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What is the primary difference between a linked graphic and an embedded graphic?
What is the primary difference between a linked graphic and an embedded graphic?
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What is the purpose of text wrapping?
What is the purpose of text wrapping?
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What is the name of the space between a graphic and the surrounding text called?
What is the name of the space between a graphic and the surrounding text called?
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Which type of graphic can be moved independently of the surrounding text?
Which type of graphic can be moved independently of the surrounding text?
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What is the name of the graphic that is stored in the layout file and displayed at full resolution?
What is the name of the graphic that is stored in the layout file and displayed at full resolution?
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What is the purpose of "B-roll" footage?
What is the purpose of "B-roll" footage?
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What is a keyframe?
What is a keyframe?
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What is the difference between FireWire and USB 3.0 connections?
What is the difference between FireWire and USB 3.0 connections?
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What is the purpose of having enough light when shooting a scene?
What is the purpose of having enough light when shooting a scene?
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What is the term for the number of frames per second that video records?
What is the term for the number of frames per second that video records?
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What is the best way to ensure your video is steady?
What is the best way to ensure your video is steady?
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What is the role of a sound card in a computer?
What is the role of a sound card in a computer?
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What does the acronym DAC stand for?
What does the acronym DAC stand for?
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Which of the following technologies is not used to transfer video from a camera to a computer?
Which of the following technologies is not used to transfer video from a camera to a computer?
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What is the purpose of attaching a camera to a computer?
What is the purpose of attaching a camera to a computer?
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What is the purpose of a subwoofer?
What is the purpose of a subwoofer?
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What is one potential danger of playing audio at too high a volume?
What is one potential danger of playing audio at too high a volume?
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What is the process called that converts an analog audio signal into a digital signal?
What is the process called that converts an analog audio signal into a digital signal?
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What is the component of a speaker that can be damaged by excessive power?
What is the component of a speaker that can be damaged by excessive power?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential risk associated with playing audio at high volumes?
Which of the following is NOT a potential risk associated with playing audio at high volumes?
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What is the term for the speaker that reproduces the lowest frequencies?
What is the term for the speaker that reproduces the lowest frequencies?
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What is the primary factor in determining the number of columns for a design?
What is the primary factor in determining the number of columns for a design?
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Which of the following grid structures is typically considered the most versatile for page structure?
Which of the following grid structures is typically considered the most versatile for page structure?
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What is the primary reason why odd numbers of columns often appear to work best in a design?
What is the primary reason why odd numbers of columns often appear to work best in a design?
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What is the most important concern when aligning elements in a grid-based layout?
What is the most important concern when aligning elements in a grid-based layout?
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Why is it sometimes beneficial to break the established order of a grid-based layout?
Why is it sometimes beneficial to break the established order of a grid-based layout?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason to break the rules of a grid-based layout?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to break the rules of a grid-based layout?
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How can you create a sense of visual rhythm within a grid-based layout?
How can you create a sense of visual rhythm within a grid-based layout?
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In a two-column grid, elements can be placed to span ________.
In a two-column grid, elements can be placed to span ________.
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What type of camera is becoming increasingly popular due to its ability to shoot video in frame sizes similar to those found in film?
What type of camera is becoming increasingly popular due to its ability to shoot video in frame sizes similar to those found in film?
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Which of these features is NOT typically associated with modern camcorders?
Which of these features is NOT typically associated with modern camcorders?
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What is the resolution of 4K Ultra HD camcorders in pixels?
What is the resolution of 4K Ultra HD camcorders in pixels?
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What is the standard aspect ratio for high-definition television?
What is the standard aspect ratio for high-definition television?
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What type of camcorder is most likely to have the highest quality video recording?
What type of camcorder is most likely to have the highest quality video recording?
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What is the primary benefit of using a DSL camera for video recording?
What is the primary benefit of using a DSL camera for video recording?
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Which aspect ratio would be most suitable for creating a video that will be displayed on a standard high-definition television?
Which aspect ratio would be most suitable for creating a video that will be displayed on a standard high-definition television?
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Early camcorders had a drawback where the sound recording was affected by a mechanical component. What was this component?
Early camcorders had a drawback where the sound recording was affected by a mechanical component. What was this component?
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Study Notes
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Print Type
- Chapter 8 covers print type, focused on typography, readability, and typesetting conventions.
- Lessons within Chapter 8 include: The Vocabulary of Typography, Making Text Readable, and Cleaning Up Typeset Text
- Learning outcomes focus on differentiating typefaces and fonts, understanding typeface, size, and style's impact on readability; adjusting leading and tracking, understanding measure and alignment's impact on readability; using techniques to grab attention with typography, and creating clean and professional documents using typesetting conventions.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Vocabulary of Typography
- Typeface: A set of letters, numbers, and other characters designed by a typeface designer.
- Font: A collection of characters with the same style within one typeface.
- Examples include Times New Roman Bold, Times New Roman Italic, and Times New Roman Regular, all coming from the Times New Roman typeface style.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Typographical Elements
- Serif: Typefaces with small decorative strokes or feet at the ends of main strokes.
- Sans serif: Typefaces without serifs.
- Descender: The part of a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline.
- Ascender: The part of a letter that extends above the x-height.
- Baseline: The imaginary line on which the typeface sits.
- x-height: The height of the lowercase letter “x” in a given font.
- Points: The unit of measure for type size; one point is approximately 1/72 of an inch.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Making Text Readable
- Readability: The primary concern for designers working with text; the ease with which letters and words are recognized and followed, without losing your place.
- Making text readable involves selecting appropriate typeface, right type size and style for the project, adjusting spacing when needed, and considering the overall size and alignment of text blocks.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Selecting Type, Size, and Style
- Choosing a typeface appropriate for the project's tone aids in conveying the intended message to readers.
- Best point size depends on typeface, page size, layout, and intended audience.
- Most typefaces are readable at 10 to 12 points.
- Use italics or bold for emphasis. Avoid underlines, all caps, and combined styles.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Adjusting Spacing
- Leading: The space between the lines of text in a text block; measured from the baseline of one line to the baseline of the next, expressed in points.
- Tight or loose leading affects readability.
- Tracking (letter spacing): The space between characters in a word/line of text.
- Kerning: Adjusting the space between two specific characters; improves the appearance of words (often used in larger type sizes).
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Paragraph Width and Alignment
- Paragraph width and alignment affects the readability of body text.
- Measure: The length of a line of text.
- Alignment refers to positioning a paragraph (flush left, flush right, centered, justified) in a column.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 8: Grabbing Attention and Creating Interest with Text
- Display typography attracts and directs reader attention.
- Display typography plays a role in the overall design scheme and supports balance, variety, emphasis, harmony, symmetry, unity, and repetition.
- Display typography is often a critical element in advertisements, magazine layouts, and book covers.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Print Media
- Chapter 9 focuses on obtaining, preparing, and inserting image files in a document, emphasizing appropriate techniques for print media design.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Obtaining Digital Images
- Digital photographs, screen captures, scans, original vector artwork, and clip art can be used in desktop publishing documents.
- Stock photos, typically available from online stock photo companies, provide images with various resolutions, sizes, and file types.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Sourcing Digital Images
- Stock photos are images available for use (usually with a fee) in creative and commercial projects.
- Online stock photo websites contain extensive catalogs categorized using keywords for image searching.
- Some stock photo suppliers offer free, low resolution versions for trial use, often with a watermark to discourage unauthorized use.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Sourcing Digital Images (continued)
- Screen captures are useful when showing an actual computer display.
- Scans of hard copies can be a suitable choice but are generally not ideal if the actual digital file is available; copyright should be considered when using scans of copyrighted material.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Acquiring Vector Images and Clip Art
- Digital vector images (often called line art) are a common choice in print products and frequently come from graphic artists (can be expensive); often used for logos.
- Clip art are ready-to-use images, sometimes available for free.
- Many online resources provide clip art collections, various in style (from cartoonish to realistic drawings).
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Acquiring Vector Images and Clip Art (continued)
- Some clip art is offered as raster and vector images. Raster files aren't always scalable; vector files are fully scalable for quality print products.
- Different software programs offer clip art through in-built applications.
- Many software-based images are usually protected against commercial use.
- Understanding terms like "royalty free," and "rights managed" image licensing is essential.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 9: Understanding Image Licensing
- Licensing defines legal use rights and conditions for using images.
- Royalty-free images cost one-time fees for unlimited use and are suitable for unrestricted use in print products; copyright considerations must be maintained.
- Rights-managed licensing allows for specific and limited uses of images. Ethical and legal guidelines on image sourcing must be considered for compliant sourcing.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Print Design
- Chapter 10 focuses on print design principles, layout, using PDFs, preparing raster files - and vector files for print production.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Design Principles
- Layout is the arrangement of page elements, independent of specific content, while design principles (balance, rhythm, emphasis, and unity) create effective layouts.
- A pica is a printer's measurement equal to 1/6 of an inch; a point is a division of a pica (12 points = 1 pica).
- Good design uses similarity and contrast in a design to help the viewer navigate and recognize a design as a single unit.
- Contrast helps viewers focus on, keep track of, and absorb the intended message. Using contrast in a design can greatly improve absorption.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Principles of Balance
- Balance distributes the weight of design elements to create a visually appealing layout.
- Types of balance include symmetrical, radial, and asymmetrical.
- Symmetrical balance places elements equally on both sides of a central axis; radial balance radiates outward like a starburst from a central point; asymmetrical balance, while unequal, balances the visual weight across a work.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Principles of Rhythm
- Rhythm connects design elements, guiding the eye across a piece of work.
- Rhythm can be regular, flowing, or progressive, depending on the type and arrangement of design elements used.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Principles of Emphasis
- Emphasis is the principle of certain elements standing out from other elements in a design.
- Emphasis can be established through placement, isolation, and/ or contrast in the visual design elements of size, shape, color, and orientation.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Principles of Unity
- Unity in design ensures that all elements appear grouped together as a single unit.
- Unity is achieved most often through proximity, alignment, and consistency/repetition of elements.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: White Space
- White space is space free from text or graphic elements/content in a design. A block of white space can be used to guide the eye and allows for resting.
- White space should not be trapped on all sides of content; the absence of content can create visual “rivers” of negative space in visual designs.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Structuring a Layout
- Gathering materials, brainstorming a design theme, choosing design elements, and sketching layout ideas are important preliminary steps in a design project before starting a layout in software.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Setting Up a New Document
- New document page setup options are specified using dialog boxes. Dialog boxes allow the user to determine various page settings such as page size, orientation, margins, bleed and slug settings.
- These settings must be chosen and finalized before adding content to a design document.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Using a Grid to Organize Elements
- Grids use horizontal and vertical nonprinting guidelines to organize elements on a page.
- Grids make it more effective to include design principles like balance, rhythm, emphasis, and unity.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Using a Grid To Organize Elements (continued)
- Guidelines/principles for determining the optimal number of columns for effective visual layout; two, three or four columns are usually recommended based on several design considerations.
- Underlying column structure in different layouts.
- Vertical alignment of design elements is the most important concept in design.
- Horizontal alignment may adjust based on the size of the element within the grid (to fit within the column).
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Master Pages and Templates
- Master pages are elements that apply to all pages within a document and can include elements that are repeated on multiple pages.
- Templates are useful shortcuts for standardizing design across a document series based on a shared format.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: Creating and Viewing PDFs
- Most layout software creates PDFs; some software can only view and display PDFs, not create them.
- Some software supports functions like creating, saving, exporting, and viewing PDF files.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 10: PDFs and Print Production
- PDFs ensure intended document content matches printed results.
- Utilizing PDFs, as opposed to other file types, minimizes issues at printer.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Audio
- Chapter 11 focuses on working with audio files, including managing audio; sound equipment, recording, and editing audio.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Managing Audio Files
- Analog audio is a series of waves that reproduce sound, while digital audio uses a code of zeroes and ones to reproduce sound through a digital format (using sample rates and a series of discrete-time signals).
- Sampling: Digital recording software “grabs” sound at regular intervals called the “sample rate”
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Sampling
- Sample rate determines the quality and file size in digital audio recording.
- Higher sample rates create higher quality audio but require larger file sizes due to more numerical data recording.
- Sample size is the number of bits used to represent the sound; more bits create better audio, but increase file size.
- Channels refer to the number of sources (mono=1, stereo=2) which a sound is produced/recorded from. Stereo sounds (recorded from two channels) are higher quality but larger files.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Dynamic Range
- Dynamic range describes the difference between the loudest and softest sounds that a system can produce.
- Decibels (dB) are used as a unit for measuring sound levels/dynamic range.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Codecs
- Codecs (compressing sound and video) compress sound or video to reduce file size and decompression occurs during playback.
- Some codecs (like those for speech) have a narrower range of frequencies than music; this means smaller possible file sizes.
- Lossless and lossy codecs both exist for recording; lossy recordings compress by omitting specific data to reduce file size, while lossless recordings keep all data, and are generally used for audio archival.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Organization
- Effective organization is valuable in all creative tasks, allowing you to be more focused and less prone to mistakes.
- Effective organization involves maintaining an organized workspace, assigning descriptive names for files and folders, breaking large projects into smaller tasks to complete, and creating a to-do list for prioritizing completion.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Sound Equipment
- A sound card allows computers to input and output audio; DAC (digital to analog) allows the computer to read digital sound and convert it to analog format; ADC performs the opposite function.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Speakers and Headphones
- Speakers and headphones vary in size, design, and cost.
- Subwoofers are a type of speaker that reproduce low-bass sounds.
- Safety precautions - like maintaining a safe volume level - are important when using speakers and headphones.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Microphones
- Several microphone types exist, including headsets, lapel microphones, handheld microphones, shotgun microphones, and studio mics.
- Omnidirectional, bidirectional, and cardioid patterns are common microphone types (referring to the pattern the microphone "listens" to, and gathers audio signals from).
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: MIDI
- MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a communication protocol to connect various electronic devices (instruments, computers).
- MIDI transmits musical notation, not the sound itself. This allows editing and modification of audio in a way that is possible for digital audio files.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Sound Editors
- Software programs, referred to as “sound editors” or “wave editors”, are used for complex tasks that modify or edit audio files. These complex tasks include a variety of functions, including adding effects, importing/exporting audio files, creating and modifying audio layers.
- Certain software programs are better suited for specific tasks, so knowing the strengths and weaknesses of different audio editing software helps a user decide which application best suits their needs.
- Audacity, GarageBand, Adobe Audition, Hindenburg Journalist Pro, Ableton Live, Pro Tools, Logic Pro X, and AudioLab are examples of sound editors.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 11: Exporting Audio
- The type of audio file format to be exported should be chosen based on the intended use and desired compression and sound quality - considering copyright terms. (Riping a CD and uploading a recording to any public domain is generally a violation of copyright terms, and is often illegal depending on the context of how it is used).
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Video
- Chapter 12 covers the basics of working with video files, including choosing equipment, preparing recordings, and creating/editing video.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Selecting Video Equipment
- Video equipment options include digital cameras, smartphones, and higher-end camcorders, with DSLR cameras (digital single-lens reflex) being useful for users who shoot video at frame rates similar to film.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Evaluating Camcorders
- First video recorders were heavy and used tape; modern day recorders use digital storage mediums that are generally small (compared to tape).
- Modern camcorders/video devices come in various sizes and qualities, based on many factors including resolution, aspect ratio (standard 4:3 and 16:9), sensor quality, bitrate, storage medium, and other features.
- Interlaced and progressive video formats and qualities impact final recordings differently.
- Newer 4K camcorders have dramatically higher resolution (more pixels/higher resolution translates to more detail and quality in a video production).
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Evaluating Camcorders
- HD camcorders can record video with either a 4:3 aspect ratio or 16:9 aspect ratio, a 16:9 aspect ratio being the most common standard for high-definition screens.
- Depending on the device, certain parts of material placed in a video may not always be visible; this should be considered when videotaping/creating video.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Preparing for a Video Shoot
- Planning, scripting, and creating a storyboard are essential parts of a video production.
- A script is a written outline for the video, describing each segment (scene).
- A storyboard acts as a visual guide for the video scenes, showing the framing, angles, camera moves (pans and tilts), and other camera techniques, all to match the script.
- Careful consideration must be given for rules regarding public areas for filming, and any necessary permits must be obtained.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Video Transfer
- Video is transferred from video devices to computers using USB or FireWire connections.
- Removable memory cards are a secondary option for transferring video.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Video - Frames, Software, and Editing
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Frame rate determines the number of frames recorded per second,
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The timecode records each frame. (hours, minutes, seconds, and frames)
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Keyframes note changes within a frame (movement usually).
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Simple video editing software; like Windows Movie Maker or iMovie (Mac), are easy to use but have limited tools and functionalities for advanced editing.
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Advanced video editing software, like Adobe Premiere Pro, has diverse editing panels, built-in software effects, a user-friendly timeline for sequencing video clips, and allows individual sections of design to be undocked, closed, maximized and moved.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Video Editing
- Editing changes include modifying/changing video duration, rotating an image, changing aspect ratio, or modifying/changing audio volume.
- Editing options include various transitions (dissolves, fades) and effects.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Audio Considerations
- Video and audio are typically recorded at the same time for synchronicity reasons. - Video/audio can be synced/edited separately to allow editing/modification of either component independent from the other.
- Audio can be added or edited separately from the video project, after it is recorded.
Digital Media 4e - Chapter 12: Exporting and Sharing Video
- Frequent saving of edited versions ensures loss prevention during the editing process. Rendering produces an exported video file in a specific format for viewing/usage by others. (file formats include MOV, WMV, AVI, MPG/MPEG-4, FLV, and MP4.)
- Online video sharing is possible (platforms include social media post, file transfer, etc.). DVD’s can be burnt or video files can be streamed. (streaming bypasses the need for a file download). Safeguarding copyright and adhering to copyright laws when sharing video projects/files is also essential.
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Description
Test your knowledge on graphic design and video production concepts with this quiz. Explore topics such as point size, readability, graphics types, and video shooting techniques. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of media design principles.
