12 Questions
What is the process of transferring bacterial genes by a bacteriophage from one cell to another called?
Transduction
Which genetic elements are involved in gene expression according to the text?
Plasmids and chromosomes
What is the process of synthesizing a specific protein from the mRNA code called?
Translation
What is responsible for producing fever and shock conditions in patients infected with gram-negative bacteria?
Inner lipid A (endotoxin)
In which state does the phage DNA become incorporated into the bacterial genome and is replicated along with the bacterial chromosomal DNA?
Temperate
Which component of the gram-negative bacterial surface excludes hydrophobic compounds?
O antigen
Which staining method is best used for Mycobacteria and Nocardiae?
Acid-fast stain
What is the most abundant protein of gram-negative cell walls and what is its function?
Lipoprotein; anchors the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan layer
What is the function of glycogen in bacterial cells?
Storage form of glucose used for ATP synthesis
Under what conditions do some bacterial genera form endospores?
Under adverse physical and chemical conditions or when nutrients are scarce
What is the role of polyphosphate granules in bacterial cells?
Provide a source of phosphate for nucleic acid and phospholipid synthesis
What is the primary consequence of a decrease in cytosol and an increase in the thickness and strength of the cell envelope in bacterial cells?
Transition to a dormant state
Test your knowledge on the components of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, including proteins, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the role of diaminopimelic acid. Understand the significance of lipid A moiety in causing fever and shock conditions in infected patients.
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