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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between an element and a compound?
What is the main difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom, whereas a compound is a substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
What is the symbol for gold on the periodic table?
What is the symbol for gold on the periodic table?
Au
What is the term for the smallest unit of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound?
What is the term for the smallest unit of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound?
Molecule
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
What is the term for the process of separating the components of a mixture?
What is the term for the process of separating the components of a mixture?
What is the characteristic of an element that allows it to be represented by a unique symbol?
What is the characteristic of an element that allows it to be represented by a unique symbol?
What is the difference between the physical and chemical properties of a substance?
What is the difference between the physical and chemical properties of a substance?
How do the particles of a mixture differ from those of a pure substance?
How do the particles of a mixture differ from those of a pure substance?
What is the importance of the periodic table in chemistry?
What is the importance of the periodic table in chemistry?
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the mass number of an element?
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the mass number of an element?
Flashcards
Chemical Bond
Chemical Bond
A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound, formed by the sharing or transfer of electrons.
Ionic Bond
Ionic Bond
A bond formed when one atom loses an electron (becoming positively charged) and another atom gains that electron (becoming negatively charged).
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
A bond formed when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Polar Covalent Bond
Polar Covalent Bond
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Phospholipid Bilayer
Phospholipid Bilayer
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Proteins in Cell Membrane
Proteins in Cell Membrane
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Cell Membrane Functions
Cell Membrane Functions
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Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic
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Hydrophilic
Hydrophilic
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Study Notes
Chemical Bonding
- Atoms share or transfer electrons to form chemical bonds, achieving a stable octet (8 electrons) in their outermost energy level.
Types of Chemical Bonds
- Ionic Bond: Formed when one atom loses an electron (becomes a cation) and another atom gains an electron (becomes an anion), resulting in a transfer of electrons.
- Covalent Bond: Formed when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Characteristics of Ionic Bonds
- Typically form between metals and non-metals.
- Involve the transfer of electrons, resulting in ions with opposite charges.
- Ionic bonds are strong and often result in the formation of crystalline solids.
Characteristics of Covalent Bonds
- Typically form between non-metals.
- Involve the sharing of electrons, resulting in a molecule with a neutral charge.
- Covalent bonds can be polar or non-polar.
Polar and Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
- Polar Covalent Bond: Formed when two atoms share electrons unevenly, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.
- Non-Polar Covalent Bond: Formed when two atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a neutral molecule.
Cellular Structure
- Cell Membrane: The outermost layer of the cell, composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded within it.
- The cell membrane is semi-permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while regulating the movement of others.
Cell Membrane Structure
- Phospholipid Bilayer: Composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules, with their hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails facing inward and their hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads facing outward.
- Proteins: Embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, proteins can function as channels, receptors, or enzymes.
Functions of the Cell Membrane
- Regulation of Movement: The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- Protection: The cell membrane provides a barrier against external substances and protects the cell's internal environment.
- Cell Signaling: The cell membrane allows cells to communicate with each other through signaling pathways.
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