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Questions and Answers
List the five factors that affect reaction rate.
List the five factors that affect reaction rate.
Chemical nature of reactants, Concentration of reactants, Temperature, Presence of a catalyst, Surface area.
What is noteworthy about similar elements?
What is noteworthy about similar elements?
Similar elements tend to react similarly, but at different rates.
Describe the type of reaction that metals undergo with oxygen.
Describe the type of reaction that metals undergo with oxygen.
Metals react with oxygen in a similar manner, but elements like sodium and potassium are very reactive, while gold and silver are much less reactive.
If the initial concentration of the reactant is increased, the rate of the reaction is decreased.
If the initial concentration of the reactant is increased, the rate of the reaction is decreased.
If the temperature of the reaction is increased, the rate of the reaction is increased.
If the temperature of the reaction is increased, the rate of the reaction is increased.
Give an example of temperature as a factor in reaction rates.
Give an example of temperature as a factor in reaction rates.
Define catalyst.
Define catalyst.
How were almost all catalysts discovered?
How were almost all catalysts discovered?
Give three examples of catalyst usage.
Give three examples of catalyst usage.
Describe the surface area factor in reaction rates.
Describe the surface area factor in reaction rates.
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Study Notes
Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
- Five main factors influence reaction rate:
- Chemical nature of reactants
- Concentration of reactants
- Temperature
- Presence of a catalyst
- Surface area
Similar Elements and Reactivity
- Elements in the same group of the periodic table exhibit comparable reactivity patterns, although they do so at varying rates.
Metal Reactions with Oxygen
- Metals like sodium and potassium are highly reactive, never found as pure elements in nature.
- Noble metals such as gold and silver react very slowly, making them suitable for jewelry and valuable items.
Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
- Increasing the initial concentration of reactants leads to an increased reaction rate.
Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
- Higher temperatures result in an increased reaction rate.
- Metabolic rates in reptiles are influenced by the surrounding temperature, demonstrating the role of temperature in biological reactions.
Understanding Catalysts
- A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent change.
- Most catalysts were discovered through trial and error.
Examples of Catalysts in Action
- Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as a natural catalyst.
- Powdered platinum or palladium in catalytic converters helps convert car exhaust into less harmful substances.
- Enzymes in the human body act as catalysts, facilitating various biochemical reactions.
Surface Area and Reaction Rate
- The rate of a reaction is impacted by the amount of exposed surface area; increasing surface area typically boosts the reaction rate.
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