Chemistry Chapter 6: Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Questions and Answers

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion

What is a chemical formula?

The group of symbols that represents the atoms or ions in a compound

What defines a covalent bond?

A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge Signup and view all the answers

What is ionic charge?

The difference between the number of protons and electrons, written in the upper right corner of the element's symbol Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic compound?

A compound that consists of positive and negative ions held together by ionic bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular compound?

A compound of atoms in which stable electron configurations are attained by sharing electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

The smallest unit of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is an octet?

A set of eight valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What does the octet rule state?

Atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyatomic ion?

A group of covalently bonded nonmetal atoms that has an overall electrical charge Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Br atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?

Br atoms gain one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, Br- Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Ca atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?

Ca atoms lose two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, Ca^2+ Signup and view all the answers

What happens to S atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?

S atoms gain two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, S^2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for magnesium phosphide?

Mg3P2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of PbS?

Lead (II) sulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecular compound BrF5?

Bromine pentafluoride Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for nitride?

N^3- Signup and view all the answers

What are the protons and electrons in the ion Sn^4+?

50 protons and 46 electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for tin (IV) oxide?

SnO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for tin (IV) phosphate?

Sn3(PO4)4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Tin(II) sulfide?

SnS Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Lead(IV) oxide?

PbO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Silver chloride?

AgCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Calcium nitride?

Ca3N2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Copper (I) phosphide?

Cu3P Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Chromium (II) bromide?

CrBr2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Carbon sulfide?

CS Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Dihosphorus pentoxide?

P2O5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Dihydrogen sulfide?

H2S Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Sulfur dichloride?

SCl2 Signup and view all the answers

What kind of compound is FeCl3 and what is its name?

Ionic, iron (III) chloride Signup and view all the answers

What kind of compound is Na2SO4 and what is its name?

Ionic, sodium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

What kind of compound is NO2 and what is its name?

Molecular, nitrogen dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What kind of compound is Rb2S and what is its name?

Ionic, rubidium sulfide Signup and view all the answers

What kind of compound is PF5 and what is its name?

Molecular, phosphorus pentafluoride Signup and view all the answers

What kind of compound is CF4 and what is its name?

Molecular, carbon tetrafluoride Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of NCl3?

Nitrogen trichloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of N2S3?

Dinitrogen trisulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of N2O?

Dinitrogen oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of IF?

Iodine fluoride Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of BF3?

Boron trifluoride Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of P2O3?

Diphosphorus trioxide Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons must Li lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?

1 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons must Ca lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?

2 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons must Ga lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?

3 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons must Cs lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?

1 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons must Ba lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?

2 Signup and view all the answers

For Sr, how many electrons are lost when it forms ions?

2 e- lost Signup and view all the answers

For P, how many electrons are gained when it forms ions?

3 e- gained Signup and view all the answers

For Group 7A (17) elements, how many electrons are gained?

1 e- gained Signup and view all the answers

For Na, how many electrons are lost when it forms ions?

1 e- lost Signup and view all the answers

For Br, how many electrons are gained when it forms ions?

1 e- gained Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion with 3 protons and 2 electrons?

Li+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion with 9 protons and 10 electrons?

F- Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion with 12 protons and 10 electrons?

Mg^2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons?

Fe^3+ Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in Cu^2+?

29 protons, 27 electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in Se^2-?

34 protons, 36 electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in Br-?

35 protons, 36 electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in Fe^3+?

26 protons, 23 electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion of chlorine?

Cl- Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion of cesium?

Cs+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion of nitrogen?

N^3- Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the ion of radium?

Ra^2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ion represented by Li+?

Lithium Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ion represented by Ca+?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ion represented by Ga^3+?

Gallium Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ion represented by P^3-?

Phosphide Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in O^2-?

8 protons, 10 electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in K+?

19 protons, 18 electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in I-?

53 protons, 54 electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many protons and electrons are in Na+?

11 protons, 10 electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of elements are likely to form an ionic compound?

Potassium and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Na+ and O^2-?

Na2O Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Al^3+ and Br-?

AlBr3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Ba^2+ and N^3-?

Ba3N2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Mg^2+ and F-?

MgF2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Al^3+ and S^2-?

Al2S3 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Anion: Negatively charged ion, typically formed by gaining electrons.
Cation: Positively charged ion, formed by losing electrons.
Chemical Formula: Representation of a compound showing the types and quantities of atoms in a molecule or ion.

Types of Bonds

Covalent Bond: Bonds formed when two or more atoms share pairs of electrons.
Ionic Bond: Occurs between cations and anions, resulting in ionic compounds.

Compounds

Ionic Compound: Comprises positively and negatively charged ions, held together by ionic bonds.
Molecular Compound: Consists of atoms bonded by covalent bonds, often between nonmetals.
Polyatomic Ion: A charged ion composed of two or more covalently bonded atoms.

Electron Configurations and Stability

Octet Rule: Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to obtain a full set of eight valence electrons, achieving stability.
Ionic Charge: Difference between protons and electrons, indicating the charge of the ion, shown in the upper right of the symbol.

Formulas and Naming Compounds

Magnesium Phosphide: Formula derived through charge balance using Mg²⁺ and P³⁻; results in Mg₃P₂.
Naming Compounds:
- PbS is named lead (II) sulfide; Pb has a 2+ charge.
- Molecular compounds are named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms, e.g., Bromine pentafluoride (BrF₅).

Formation of Ions

Ion Formation:
- Br gains one electron: Br⁻
- Ca loses two electrons: Ca²⁺
- S gains two electrons: S²⁻
Stability: Atoms lose or gain specific numbers of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.

Ionic and Molecular Formulas

Ionic Formulas:
- Tin(II) sulfide: SnS
- Lead(IV) oxide: PbO₂
- Silver chloride: AgCl
- Calcium nitride: Ca₃N₂
Molecular Formulas:
- Carbon sulfide: CS
- Dihydrogen sulfide: H₂S
- Sulfur dichloride: SCl₂

Classification and Naming

Classifications:
- FeCl₃: Ionic, iron (III) chloride
- NO₂: Molecular, nitrogen dioxide
Naming Molecular Compounds:
- NCl₃: Nitrogen trichloride
- N₂S₃: Dinitrogen trisulfide

Ion Properties

Electrons to Lose or Gain:
- Common ions such as lithium (Li) lose 1 electron, while calcium (Ca) loses 2.
Ion Symbols:
- Li⁺, Cl⁻, Cs⁺, N³⁻, indicating charge and composition.

Proton and Electron Counts

Ion Protons and Electrons:
- Cu²⁺: 29 protons, 27 electrons
- O²⁻: 8 protons, 10 electrons
- Na⁺: 11 protons, 10 electrons

Ionic Compound Formation

Ionic Pairing: Pairs likely to form ionic compounds include:
- Lithium and chlorine
- Potassium and oxygen

Summary of Ionic Formulas

Derived formulas from ionic pairs:
- Na⁺ and O²⁻: Na₂O
- Al³⁺ and Br⁻: AlBr₃
- Ba²⁺ and N³⁻: Ba₃N₂

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Test your knowledge on ionic and molecular compounds with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as anions, cations, chemical formulas, and covalent bonds, essential for understanding chemical structures and interactions.