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Questions and Answers
What is an anion?
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is a cation?
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What is a chemical formula?
What is a chemical formula?
The group of symbols that represents the atoms or ions in a compound
What defines a covalent bond?
What defines a covalent bond?
What is an ion?
What is an ion?
What is ionic charge?
What is ionic charge?
What is an ionic compound?
What is an ionic compound?
What is a molecular compound?
What is a molecular compound?
What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
What is an octet?
What is an octet?
What does the octet rule state?
What does the octet rule state?
What is a polyatomic ion?
What is a polyatomic ion?
What happens to Br atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?
What happens to Br atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?
What happens to Ca atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?
What happens to Ca atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?
What happens to S atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?
What happens to S atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration?
What is the formula for magnesium phosphide?
What is the formula for magnesium phosphide?
What is the name of PbS?
What is the name of PbS?
What is the name of the molecular compound BrF5?
What is the name of the molecular compound BrF5?
What is the symbol for nitride?
What is the symbol for nitride?
What are the protons and electrons in the ion Sn^4+?
What are the protons and electrons in the ion Sn^4+?
What is the formula for tin (IV) oxide?
What is the formula for tin (IV) oxide?
What is the formula for tin (IV) phosphate?
What is the formula for tin (IV) phosphate?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Tin(II) sulfide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Tin(II) sulfide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Lead(IV) oxide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Lead(IV) oxide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Silver chloride?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Silver chloride?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Calcium nitride?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Calcium nitride?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Copper (I) phosphide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Copper (I) phosphide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Chromium (II) bromide?
What is the formula for each of the following ionic compounds: Chromium (II) bromide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Carbon sulfide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Carbon sulfide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Dihosphorus pentoxide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Dihosphorus pentoxide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Dihydrogen sulfide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Dihydrogen sulfide?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Sulfur dichloride?
What is the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: Sulfur dichloride?
What kind of compound is FeCl3 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is FeCl3 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is Na2SO4 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is Na2SO4 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is NO2 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is NO2 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is Rb2S and what is its name?
What kind of compound is Rb2S and what is its name?
What kind of compound is PF5 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is PF5 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is CF4 and what is its name?
What kind of compound is CF4 and what is its name?
What is the name of NCl3?
What is the name of NCl3?
What is the name of N2S3?
What is the name of N2S3?
What is the name of N2O?
What is the name of N2O?
What is the name of IF?
What is the name of IF?
What is the name of BF3?
What is the name of BF3?
What is the name of P2O3?
What is the name of P2O3?
How many electrons must Li lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Li lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Ca lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Ca lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Ga lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Ga lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Cs lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Cs lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Ba lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
How many electrons must Ba lose to achieve a stable electron configuration?
For Sr, how many electrons are lost when it forms ions?
For Sr, how many electrons are lost when it forms ions?
For P, how many electrons are gained when it forms ions?
For P, how many electrons are gained when it forms ions?
For Group 7A (17) elements, how many electrons are gained?
For Group 7A (17) elements, how many electrons are gained?
For Na, how many electrons are lost when it forms ions?
For Na, how many electrons are lost when it forms ions?
For Br, how many electrons are gained when it forms ions?
For Br, how many electrons are gained when it forms ions?
What is the symbol for the ion with 3 protons and 2 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 3 protons and 2 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 9 protons and 10 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 9 protons and 10 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 12 protons and 10 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 12 protons and 10 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons?
What is the symbol for the ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons?
How many protons and electrons are in Cu^2+?
How many protons and electrons are in Cu^2+?
How many protons and electrons are in Se^2-?
How many protons and electrons are in Se^2-?
How many protons and electrons are in Br-?
How many protons and electrons are in Br-?
How many protons and electrons are in Fe^3+?
How many protons and electrons are in Fe^3+?
What is the symbol for the ion of chlorine?
What is the symbol for the ion of chlorine?
What is the symbol for the ion of cesium?
What is the symbol for the ion of cesium?
What is the symbol for the ion of nitrogen?
What is the symbol for the ion of nitrogen?
What is the symbol for the ion of radium?
What is the symbol for the ion of radium?
What is the name of the ion represented by Li+?
What is the name of the ion represented by Li+?
What is the name of the ion represented by Ca+?
What is the name of the ion represented by Ca+?
What is the name of the ion represented by Ga^3+?
What is the name of the ion represented by Ga^3+?
What is the name of the ion represented by P^3-?
What is the name of the ion represented by P^3-?
How many protons and electrons are in O^2-?
How many protons and electrons are in O^2-?
How many protons and electrons are in K+?
How many protons and electrons are in K+?
How many protons and electrons are in I-?
How many protons and electrons are in I-?
How many protons and electrons are in Na+?
How many protons and electrons are in Na+?
Which of the following pairs of elements are likely to form an ionic compound?
Which of the following pairs of elements are likely to form an ionic compound?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Na+ and O^2-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Na+ and O^2-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Al^3+ and Br-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Al^3+ and Br-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Ba^2+ and N^3-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Ba^2+ and N^3-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Mg^2+ and F-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Mg^2+ and F-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Al^3+ and S^2-?
What is the correct ionic formula for the compound formed between Al^3+ and S^2-?
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Study Notes
Ionic and Molecular Compounds
- Anion: Negatively charged ion, typically formed by gaining electrons.
- Cation: Positively charged ion, formed by losing electrons.
- Chemical Formula: Representation of a compound showing the types and quantities of atoms in a molecule or ion.
Types of Bonds
- Covalent Bond: Bonds formed when two or more atoms share pairs of electrons.
- Ionic Bond: Occurs between cations and anions, resulting in ionic compounds.
Compounds
- Ionic Compound: Comprises positively and negatively charged ions, held together by ionic bonds.
- Molecular Compound: Consists of atoms bonded by covalent bonds, often between nonmetals.
- Polyatomic Ion: A charged ion composed of two or more covalently bonded atoms.
Electron Configurations and Stability
- Octet Rule: Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to obtain a full set of eight valence electrons, achieving stability.
- Ionic Charge: Difference between protons and electrons, indicating the charge of the ion, shown in the upper right of the symbol.
Formulas and Naming Compounds
- Magnesium Phosphide: Formula derived through charge balance using Mg²⁺ and P³⁻; results in Mg₃P₂.
- Naming Compounds:
- PbS is named lead (II) sulfide; Pb has a 2+ charge.
- Molecular compounds are named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms, e.g., Bromine pentafluoride (BrF₅).
Formation of Ions
- Ion Formation:
- Br gains one electron: Br⁻
- Ca loses two electrons: Ca²⁺
- S gains two electrons: S²⁻
- Stability: Atoms lose or gain specific numbers of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.
Ionic and Molecular Formulas
- Ionic Formulas:
- Tin(II) sulfide: SnS
- Lead(IV) oxide: PbO₂
- Silver chloride: AgCl
- Calcium nitride: Ca₃N₂
- Molecular Formulas:
- Carbon sulfide: CS
- Dihydrogen sulfide: H₂S
- Sulfur dichloride: SCl₂
Classification and Naming
- Classifications:
- FeCl₃: Ionic, iron (III) chloride
- NO₂: Molecular, nitrogen dioxide
- Naming Molecular Compounds:
- NCl₃: Nitrogen trichloride
- N₂S₃: Dinitrogen trisulfide
Ion Properties
- Electrons to Lose or Gain:
- Common ions such as lithium (Li) lose 1 electron, while calcium (Ca) loses 2.
- Ion Symbols:
- Li⁺, Cl⁻, Cs⁺, N³⁻, indicating charge and composition.
Proton and Electron Counts
- Ion Protons and Electrons:
- Cu²⁺: 29 protons, 27 electrons
- O²⁻: 8 protons, 10 electrons
- Na⁺: 11 protons, 10 electrons
Ionic Compound Formation
- Ionic Pairing: Pairs likely to form ionic compounds include:
- Lithium and chlorine
- Potassium and oxygen
Summary of Ionic Formulas
- Derived formulas from ionic pairs:
- Na⁺ and O²⁻: Na₂O
- Al³⁺ and Br⁻: AlBr₃
- Ba²⁺ and N³⁻: Ba₃N₂
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