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Questions and Answers
A ___ is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.
A ___ is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.
chemical bond
In forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. This is called the ___.
In forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. This is called the ___.
octet rule
A positively charged ion results from ___ electrons.
A positively charged ion results from ___ electrons.
losing
Negatively charged ions are called ___.
Negatively charged ions are called ___.
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Whether a bond will be ionic or covalent depends on the difference in ___ of the atoms involved.
Whether a bond will be ionic or covalent depends on the difference in ___ of the atoms involved.
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Ionic compounds are electrically ___.
Ionic compounds are electrically ___.
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___ is the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions.
___ is the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions.
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Valence electrons in metal atoms can be modeled as ___.
Valence electrons in metal atoms can be modeled as ___.
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The strength of metallic bonds is given by ___.
The strength of metallic bonds is given by ___.
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A ___ bond joins atoms together by sharing electrons.
A ___ bond joins atoms together by sharing electrons.
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A ___ is a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
A ___ is a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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A ___ is created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.
A ___ is created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.
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A charged group of covalently bonded atoms is called a ___.
A charged group of covalently bonded atoms is called a ___.
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The energy required to break a bond between two covalently bonded atoms is known as the ___.
The energy required to break a bond between two covalently bonded atoms is known as the ___.
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Electrons are shared equally in ____ covalent bonds.
Electrons are shared equally in ____ covalent bonds.
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When one atom has a higher electronegativity than the other, a ___ covalent bond will result.
When one atom has a higher electronegativity than the other, a ___ covalent bond will result.
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___ forces are forces of attraction between molecules.
___ forces are forces of attraction between molecules.
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Long dispersion forces are the result of the movement of ___.
Long dispersion forces are the result of the movement of ___.
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Hydrogen bonding can occur when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly ___ atom.
Hydrogen bonding can occur when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly ___ atom.
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When two or more valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a molecule, we get what is called ___.
When two or more valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a molecule, we get what is called ___.
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According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB2E2?
According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB2E2?
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According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB3?
According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB3?
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According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB4?
According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB4?
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According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB3E?
According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB3E?
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According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB6?
According to VSEPR theory, what will be the molecular geometry associated with the following types of molecules: AB6?
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Compare the properties of ionic and molecular compounds.
Compare the properties of ionic and molecular compounds.
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Explain VSEPR theory. What does VSEPR stand for? What roles do shared and unshared pairs of electrons play?
Explain VSEPR theory. What does VSEPR stand for? What roles do shared and unshared pairs of electrons play?
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For each of the following types of hybridization, tell me how many orbitals and of what type of hybrid. Also, how many hybrid orbitals are formed: sp?
For each of the following types of hybridization, tell me how many orbitals and of what type of hybrid. Also, how many hybrid orbitals are formed: sp?
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For each of the following types of hybridization, tell me how many orbitals and of what type of hybrid. Also, how many hybrid orbitals are formed: sp3?
For each of the following types of hybridization, tell me how many orbitals and of what type of hybrid. Also, how many hybrid orbitals are formed: sp3?
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For each of the following types of hybridization, tell me how many orbitals and of what type of hybrid. Also, how many hybrid orbitals are formed: sp3d2?
For each of the following types of hybridization, tell me how many orbitals and of what type of hybrid. Also, how many hybrid orbitals are formed: sp3d2?
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Describe how the electrons in metallic bonds contribute to the properties of metals.
Describe how the electrons in metallic bonds contribute to the properties of metals.
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Discuss the role of electronegativity in determining the types of chemical bond formed between atoms.
Discuss the role of electronegativity in determining the types of chemical bond formed between atoms.
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Study Notes
Chemical Bonds
- A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between atom nuclei and valence electrons, which binds atoms together.
- Atoms aim to achieve an octet of electrons in their highest occupied energy level, known as the octet rule.
Ions and Charges
- A positively charged ion is formed by losing electrons.
- Negatively charged ions are referred to as anions.
Bond Types
- The type of bond formed (ionic or covalent) depends on the difference in electronegativity between the involved atoms.
- Ionic compounds are electrically neutral.
- Lattice energy is the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound forms from gaseous ions.
- A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
- A molecule is a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Molecular Properties
- A dipole is created by the separation of equal but opposite charges.
- A charged group of covalently bonded atoms is identified as a polyatomic ion.
- Bond energy is the energy required to break a bond between two covalently bonded atoms.
Covalent Bonding
- Nonpolar covalent bonds feature equal sharing of electrons.
- Polar covalent bonds occur when one atom has a higher electronegativity than the other.
- Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules.
Electron Movement
- Long dispersion forces arise from the movement of electrons.
- Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom.
Resonance and Structures
- Resonance occurs when multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a molecule.
VSEPR Theory
- VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometries based on the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom:
- AB2E2: Bent
- AB3: Trigonal planar
- AB4: Tetrahedral
- AB3E: Trigonal pyramidal
- AB6: Octahedral
Hybridization
- sp hybridization involves 2 orbitals.
- sp3 hybridization involves 4 orbitals.
- sp3d2 hybridization involves 6 orbitals.
Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds
- Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points due to strong ionic attractions.
- Molecular compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points owing to weak intermolecular bonds.
Metallic Bonds
- Electrons in metallic bonds are delocalized, forming a sea of electrons surrounding metal nuclei.
- The presence of free electrons makes metals excellent conductors of electricity.
Electronegativity
- Electronegativity plays a critical role in determining the type of bond formed:
- Below 0.3: Non-polar covalent
- 0.3 - 1.7: Polar covalent
- 1.7 - 3.3: Ionic
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Reinforce your understanding of chemical bonding and related concepts with these flashcards from Chemistry Chapter 6. Each card presents essential terms and definitions, such as 'chemical bond' and 'octet rule', to help you prepare for your test effectively.
