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Grace Hopper: A Pioneer in Computer Science
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Grace Hopper: A Pioneer in Computer Science

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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with developing the COBOL programming language?

  • Charles Babbage
  • Mark Aiken
  • Henry Babbage
  • Grace Murray Hopper (correct)
  • What is the origin of the term 'debugging'?

  • A programming error made by Hopper
  • A coding mistake by Charles Babbage
  • A malfunction in the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator caused by a moth (correct)
  • A hardware failure in the Analytical Engine
  • What is Charles Babbage known as?

  • The Creator of the Compiler
  • The Inventor of the Mark II Computer
  • The Father of the Computer (correct)
  • The Father of COBOL
  • What was the purpose of the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator?

    <p>To meet the computing needs of the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who completed a portion of the Analytical Engine in 1901?

    <p>Henry Babbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the subject of an upcoming biopic to be released by Google and Middleton Media?

    <p>Grace Murray Hopper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of Alan Turing during World War II?

    <p>Breaking the Enigma code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Turing Machine?

    <p>It was a theoretical model of computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is often cited as the father of computers?

    <p>Charles Babbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Konrad Zuse's Z3 machine?

    <p>It could simulate any general-purpose computer, albeit slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of ENIAC?

    <p>To calculate artillery firing tables for the US Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate size of ENIAC?

    <p>It occupied almost 1800 square feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pioneers in Computer Science

    • Grace Murray Hopper is renowned for creating the first compiler and developing COBOL, a language used for government and business data processing for decades.
    • She was a Rear Admiral of the US Navy.

    Debugging Origin

    • The term "debugging" originated from an incident where a two-inch moth caused a malfunction in the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator at Harvard University on September 9, 1947.
    • Hopper discovered and removed the moth from the relay, documenting the "first actual case of bug being found."

    Mark II Computer

    • The Mark II is an electromechanical computer designed by Mark Aiken and Hopper, along with other Mark computers.
    • It was used for addition and multiplication to meet the computing needs of the United States.

    Charles Babbage

    • Charles Babbage is recognized as the inventor of the first computer, conceiving a steam-driven calculating machine, the Analytical Engine.
    • Although the Analytical Engine was not built during his lifetime due to lack of funding, his son Henry completed a portion of the machine in 1901.
    • The London Science Museum completed a working version of the Analytical Engine in 1991.
    • Babbage is known as the "Father of the Computer" due to his radical ideas and concepts.

    The Imitation Game

    • The film "The Imitation Game" stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Alan Turing, a mathematical genius who played a pivotal role in decoding the German Enigma machine during World War II.
    • The Enigma machine was a complex cipher system used by German forces for battlefield communication.
    • Turing's efforts in breaking the Enigma code with the help of fellow mathematicians were instrumental in shortening the war and saving countless lives.

    Alan Turing's Contributions

    • Turing introduced the concept of the Turing Machine, considered the precursor to modern computers, in his 1936 paper "On Computable Numbers."
    • This theoretical model of computation laid the foundation for computer science as we know it today.
    • Turing is regarded as the father of modern computer science.

    The First Modern Electromechanical Computers

    • Konrad Zuse built the first working, programmable electromechanical digital computer, the Z3, in 1941.
    • The Z3 was “Turing-complete,” meaning it could simulate any general-purpose computer, albeit slowly.
    • Prior to the Z3, Zuse developed the Z1, a binary mechanical calculator, and the Z2, which used 600 telephone relays.

    ENIAC

    • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) is considered the first electronic computer for general-purpose use.
    • It was developed from 1943 to 1946 to help calculate artillery firing tables for the US Army’s Ballistic Research Laboratory.
    • ENIAC had a massive size, occupying almost 1800 square feet, and contained nearly 20,000 vacuum tubes and other components.
    • It required 200 kilowatts of electricity and weighed over 30 tons.

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    Description

    Learn about the life and achievements of Grace Murray Hopper, a pioneering computer scientist who developed COBOL and served in the US Navy. Discover her contributions to the field of computer science and the origins of debugging.

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