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Questions and Answers
Which case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
Which case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
How many years must a member of the House of Representatives be a citizen?
How many years must a member of the House of Representatives be a citizen?
Which power is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate?
Which power is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate?
What is the annual salary for a member of Congress?
What is the annual salary for a member of Congress?
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Which amendment provides a process for selecting a vice president when the office becomes vacant?
Which amendment provides a process for selecting a vice president when the office becomes vacant?
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Which legislative power is granted to the president?
Which legislative power is granted to the president?
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Who breaks a tie vote in the Senate?
Who breaks a tie vote in the Senate?
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How long does a United States House of Representative member serve?
How long does a United States House of Representative member serve?
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Who was the third President of the United States to be impeached?
Who was the third President of the United States to be impeached?
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Who was the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice?
Who was the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice?
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Who is the true leader of the Senate?
Who is the true leader of the Senate?
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Which committees handle bills in different policy areas?
Which committees handle bills in different policy areas?
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How many Justices are on the United States Supreme Court?
How many Justices are on the United States Supreme Court?
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Where does the impeachment process for a U.S. President begin?
Where does the impeachment process for a U.S. President begin?
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What is the total number of federal district courts?
What is the total number of federal district courts?
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What is considered common law?
What is considered common law?
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The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.
The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.
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Which of the following does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?
Which of the following does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?
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What did Jim Crow laws mandate?
What did Jim Crow laws mandate?
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Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.
Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.
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What is the concept defined as equality of opportunity and absence of formal class distinction in the United States?
What is the concept defined as equality of opportunity and absence of formal class distinction in the United States?
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Which political philosophy supports the rights of the average citizen against privileged elites?
Which political philosophy supports the rights of the average citizen against privileged elites?
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In the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Court declared that African Americans were __________.
In the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Court declared that African Americans were __________.
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When did the civil rights movement begin in the United States?
When did the civil rights movement begin in the United States?
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Which of the following was used in the South after Reconstruction to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections?
Which of the following was used in the South after Reconstruction to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections?
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What was the primary focus of Reconstruction in the United States?
What was the primary focus of Reconstruction in the United States?
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The _____________ guaranteed citizenship for all newly freed slaves, including the 'equal protection clause'.
The _____________ guaranteed citizenship for all newly freed slaves, including the 'equal protection clause'.
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In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, what did the Supreme Court determine to be unconstitutional?
In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, what did the Supreme Court determine to be unconstitutional?
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Black Codes were passed by former Confederate states to __________.
Black Codes were passed by former Confederate states to __________.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 aimed to overturn which of the following?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 aimed to overturn which of the following?
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What motivated Southern states to enact poll taxes?
What motivated Southern states to enact poll taxes?
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Which measure was enacted to ensure meaningful participation of African Americans in elections after Reconstruction?
Which measure was enacted to ensure meaningful participation of African Americans in elections after Reconstruction?
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Which of the following must confirm all federal judges?
Which of the following must confirm all federal judges?
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A writ of __________ is issued by the Supreme Court when it agrees to hear a case.
A writ of __________ is issued by the Supreme Court when it agrees to hear a case.
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For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case?
For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case?
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The Supreme Court issues __________ that are essentially written statements containing the legal reasoning behind the Court’s decisions.
The Supreme Court issues __________ that are essentially written statements containing the legal reasoning behind the Court’s decisions.
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The Supreme Court begins its yearly session on ______________.
The Supreme Court begins its yearly session on ______________.
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What does the Twenty-second Amendment do?
What does the Twenty-second Amendment do?
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Who was the first President to be impeached?
Who was the first President to be impeached?
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What is required for the president in terms of residency in the United States?
What is required for the president in terms of residency in the United States?
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Who is third in the line of secession to the President?
Who is third in the line of secession to the President?
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What must a president be in terms of age at the time of inauguration?
What must a president be in terms of age at the time of inauguration?
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Which of these powers is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate?
Which of these powers is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate?
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What must happen in Congress for the president to be impeached and removed from office?
What must happen in Congress for the president to be impeached and removed from office?
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Study Notes
Institutions Making Public Policy
- Government institutions collectively make public policy decisions for a society
- Institutions include Congress, the courts, and the government.
Governmental Sovereignty Protection
- Government protects its national sovereignty through various means
- Maintaining armed forces
- Maintaining essential services (schools, libraries, hospitals, highways)
- Collecting taxes
- Politically socializing the young
Governmental Leader Selection
- Media influences the choices people make in governmental leaders.
- Public opinion is a key factor in selecting leaders.
- Public policy is a means by which political leaders prioritize and pursue policies.
Political Participation
- Political ideals, participation, and opinions guide people's political involvement.
- Individuals get involved in politics through various routes.
Government Response to Public Priorities
- Policymaking systems are how governments respond to public priorities
- Public opinion polls are a common way to gauge and analyze public priorities.
- Relevant political processes involve political science and tolerance aspects.
Linkage Institutions
- Linkage institutions connect people's concerns to the government's policy agenda
- These channels for concerns include special interest groups, channels for expressing concerns, and the environment of learning about the political process.
Government Policy Agenda
- Components of a government's policy agenda include:
- Issues talked about in campaigns.
- Concerns of public officials.
- Public opinion polls.
- Single-issue interest groups.
Defining Policy Impacts
- Policy impacts consist of the consequences of policies on individuals and society
Defining Democracy
- Democracy is a system that guarantees justice, freedom, and peace to all citizens.
- It involves actively selecting leaders to address citizen concerns and implement appropriate policy responses.
- The process involves recognizing and balancing the needs of various groups within a society.
Defining Equality in Voting
- Equality in voting is exemplified by the principle of one person, one vote.
- The principle ensures equivalent voting power for all citizens.
Defining Pluralism and the Theory of Pluralism
- Pluralism is a theory that suggests intense competition among groups leads to a reasonable representation of public interests in policy-making.
Defining Different Governmental Theories
- Elitism is a theory that states American society is divided along distinct class lines
- Hyperpluralism suggests that special interest groups have become dominant, resulting in a system where the government is primarily serving those groups' interests
- Divided government: a condition where political forces aren't strong enough for a clear majority to emerge; no party has complete authority to lead or make policies.
Political Culture
- Political culture is a collection of values shared by a society.
Understanding Examples of Public Policy
- Public policy consists of laws passed in Congress and regulations adopted by governmental agencies
Understanding Democracy Theory Principles
- Effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of the political agenda, and equality in political processes are essential for traditional democratic theory.
Civil Rights Movement Timeline and Goal
- The Civil Rights Movement began in the 1950s and pushed for racial equality immediately prior to the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.
Reconstruction Period
- Reconstruction was the period immediately following the Civil War. The federal government occupied the southern territories to implement legislative and social changes to aid the transition of the former slaves into society.
Jim Crow Laws
- Jim Crow laws were a series of statutes and practices established in the American South to enforce racial segregation.
Poll Taxes
- Poll taxes were collected to restrict the right to vote, particularly for African Americans.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
- The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to end discriminatory voting practices in the United States, particularly in the South.
Fifteenth Amendment
- The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits federal or state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race.
Reconstruction
- Reconstruction was the era after the Civil War, encompassing a period when the federal government attempted to rebuild and reorganize the South. A significant aspect of the Reconstruction era was the establishment and enforcement of civil rights.
Supreme Court Decisions
- The Supreme Court's rulings impact societal structures.
- Brown v. Board of Education decision declared school segregation unconstitutional, while Plessy v. Ferguson sanctioned separate-but-equal facilities.
Thirteenth Amendment
- The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
Fourteenth Amendment
- The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection of the law to all people, notably abolishing the concept of different classes of citizenship and codifying protections for citizens.
Fifteenth Amendment
- The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited denying citizens the right to vote due to race.
Black Codes
- Black Codes were local laws created in the American South to restrict the rights of African Americans.
Congressional Responsibilities and Powers
- Congress's responsibilities encompass passing revenue (money) bills.
- Their powers involve holding oversight and impeachment proceedings of the President.
Congressional Membership Requirements
- Members of the House of Representatives must be American citizens for a minimum of 7 years, and must be at least 25 years old at the time of election
- Senators must be American citizens for at least 9 years, and at least 30 years old at the time of election
Congressional Structure and Membership
- The current size of the U.S. House of Representatives is 435 members
- The current size of the U.S. Senate is 100 members
- The House of Representative members serve two-year terms
- The Senate members serve six-year terms
Presidential Powers and Responsibilities
- The President can pardon federal offenses.
- The President must give Congress updates on the state of the union.
- The President can negotiate treaties with the consent of the Senate.
- The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces, and has the power to issue pardons, reprieves, and commutations.
Impeachment Process
- A simple majority vote in the House of Representatives is required to impeach the President
- A two-thirds majority vote in the Senate is required to convict the President of an impeachable offense and convict them.
- The House of Representatives has the power to impeach. The Senate has the power to conduct impeachment trials
Twenty-Fifth Amendment
- The Twenty-Fifth Amendment clarified the issues surrounding presidential powers. It described presidential succession and disability. This Amendment also established guidelines for presidential succession procedures.
The Line of Succession
- The line of succession outlines the order of leadership when the President is unable to fulfil their duties.
Cabinet Size
- The number of cabinet members has varied. Currently, there are 15 Cabinet Secretaries.
Presidential Veto Override
- Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate.
Presidential Terms
- The Twenty-second Amendment limits presidents to two terms in office.
Presidential Residence Requirement
- The Constitution mandates that a President must be a natural-born citizen and must have resided in the United States for at least 14 years prior to taking office.
Supreme Court Justices
- The current number of Supreme Court justices is 9. Justices are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
Executive Branch
- The Executive Branch of the federal government includes presidents, vice-presidents, cabinet secretaries, and various agencies.
Judicial Branch
- The Judicial Branch includes the Supreme Court and other federal courts. The Supreme Court's responsibilities include reviewing lower court decisions, and upholding federal statutes and constitutional rights.
Federal Court System
- District courts are the lowest level of federal courts
- Federal courts of appeal are the next level above district courts.
Supreme Court Appointment
- Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
Writs of Certiorari
- A writ of certiorari is a formal request from the Supreme Court to review a case.
Case Hearing Requirements
- A minimum of 5 justices must be able to vote to hear a case to determine if it will be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
Supreme Court Opinions
- The Supreme Court's opinions contain legal justifications and justifications for the reasoning behind the decisions.
Judicial Nominations
- The president nominates judges to federal courts, including district courts. The Senate confirms these nominations.
Supreme Court Justices
- Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
Supreme Court Sessions
- The Supreme Court convenes its sessions according to its schedule. This schedule is typically determined and published with an advance notice.
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Description
This quiz explores the role of government institutions in making public policy decisions, including the influence of media and public opinion on leader selection. It also discusses governmental sovereignty and the importance of political participation in shaping public priorities. Test your understanding of these key concepts in political science.
