FINAL EXAM-SPRING 2024 TEST BANK PDF

Chapter 1 What are the institutions that make public policy decisions for a society collectively Known _____. a. political culture b. the courts c. government d. Congress How does government usually protect its national sovereignty? a. by maintaining armed forces b. by m...

Chapter 1 What are the institutions that make public policy decisions for a society collectively Known _____. a. political culture b. the courts c. government d. Congress How does government usually protect its national sovereignty? a. by maintaining armed forces b. by maintaining schools, libraries, hospitals, and highways c. by collecting taxes d. by politically socializing the young What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue? a. the media b. public opinion c. politics d. public policy The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political __________. a. ideals b. participation c. party d. opinions How does our government respond to the priorities of its people? a. through public opinion polls b. through political science c. through political tolerance d. through a policymaking system What best describes a linkage institution? a. a channel through which people’s concerns become part of the political agenda b. a location to express a political opinion c. the formation of a special interest group d. an environment where one learns about the political process  What makes up the government’s policy agenda? a. all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail b. the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors c. the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls d. the issues that concern single-issue interest groups What are policy impacts? a. issues that attract serious attention of public officials b. government institutions that are charged with taking action on political issues c. the effects that a policy has on people and on society’s problems d. systems of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences What is democracy? a. a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens b. a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power c. a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences d system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters What most closely exemplifies equality in voting? a. adequate and equal resources for expressing preferences b. freedom of speech and of the press c. one person, one vote d. universal citizenship The __________ principle is that, in a democracy, policies should reflect the will of more than half of the voters. a. enlightened rule b. pluralism c. representation d. majority rule What is the theory that argues that group competition results in a rough approximation of the public interest in public policy? a. pluralism b. hyperpluralism c. balance-of-power theory d. elite-and-class theory  Which theory contends that American society is divided along class lines? a. pluralism b. hyperpluralism c. balance of power d. elitism Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become sovereign, and the government is merely their servant? a. pluralism b. hyperpluralism c. balance of power d. bureaucratism What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart the will of the others? a. divided government b. hyperpluralism c. policy gridlock d. separation of powers A set of values widely shared within a society is referred to as which of the following? a. government b. politics c. public policy d. political culture A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency are examples of which of the following? a. interest groups b. red tape c. public policies d. public opinion Which principle of traditional democracy theory is violated in circumstances in which the wealthy have influence over the government’s policy agenda that far exceeds what would be expected based on their numbers? a. citizen control of the agenda b. effective participation c. enlightened understanding d. equality in voting Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional democratic theory? a. inclusion b. effective participation c. enlightened understanding d. equality in voting  In the United States, pluralism suggests which of the following? a. Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution. b. Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency. c. Many groups vie for power. d. Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern. Which of the following is not a duty of government? a. Collecting taxes b. Proving for national defense c. Promoting religion d. Preserving order Which of the following is an example of public policy? a. Personal conviction b. Campaign Slogan c. Congressional statute d. Religious edict _____________ in the United States involves equality of opportunity and absence of formal class distinction such as titles of nobility. a. Egalitarianism b. Individualism c. Laissez-faire d. Populism ____________ can be defined as a political philosophy supporting the rights of average citizens in their struggle against privileged elites. a. Egalitarianism b. Individualism c. Laissez-faire d. Populism Chapter 5-Civil Rights The civil rights movement pushed for racial equality. When did this movement begin? a. immediately after the Civil War b. during Reconstruction c. in the 1950s d. immediately prior to the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment  What was Reconstruction? a. the struggle for newly freed slaves to gain the right to vote, especially in the South b. the gradual elimination of both Black Codes and Jim Crow laws c. the refusal of Southern states to abide by the Fourteenth Amendment until forced to do so by the Supreme Court d. the period after the Civil War when the South was occupied by the federal government What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education? a. school integration b. school busing c. school segregation d. unequal school funding The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following? a. integration b. Jim Crow laws c. nonviolent resistance d. Reconstruction Why did Southern states enact poll taxes? a. to raise revenue for the government b. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so c. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment d. to enfranchise former slaves Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965? a. the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections b. because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment c. because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed d. to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods In the South after Reconstruction, which of the following was used to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections? a. Jim Crow laws b. white primaries c. majority-minority districts d. affirmative action  The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________. a. Race b. Gender c. involvement in insurrection d. property ownership Which of the following does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? a. poll taxes and grandfather clauses b. racial discrimination in public accommodations c. nonviolent resistance d. discrimination based on sexual orientation What did Jim Crow laws mandate? a. black codes b. racial segregation c. poll taxes d. grandfather clauses Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________. a. Korematsu v. United States b. Reed v. Reed c. the Nineteenth Amendment d. the 1965 Voting Rights Act Who had to pay poll taxes? a. winning candidates b. losing candidates c. voters d. nonvoters In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court declared that African Americans were __________. a. separate but equal b. citizens c. eligible to vote d. chattel  Which of the following happened during Reconstruction? a. Most African American men were banned from political offices because they did not own property. b. Many former Confederate soldiers and officers held public office and restricted the rights of former slaves. c. Most African Americans moved to northern cities. d. Many African American men held state and federal offices. In the South after Reconstruction, which of the following was used to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections? a. Jim Crow laws b. white primaries c. majority-minority districts d. affirmative action The _____________ guaranteed citizenship for all newly freed slaves, and included the "equal protection clause," which prohibits states from denying any person equal protection of the laws. a. Thirteenth Amendment b. Fourteenth Amendment c. Fifteenth Amendment d. Nineteenth Amendment Which amendment guaranteed newly freed male slaves the right to vote. a. Thirteenth Amendment b. Fourteenth Amendment c. Fifteenth Amendment d. Nineteenth Amendment The ___________ is the constitutional Amendment adopted in 1865 that banned slavery. a. Thirteenth Amendment b. Fifteenth Amendment c. Nineteenth Amendment d. Twenty-fourth Amendment Black Codes were passed by many of the former Confederate states in order to ________. a. segregate blacks and whites b. deny newly freed slaves legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries c. keep newly freed slaves from being hired for work, so they would have to remain slaves d. deny newly freed slaves the right to attend church  The United States Supreme Court’s decision in ____________ established the “separate but equal” doctrine. a. Brown v. Board of Education b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Dred Scott v. Sanford d. None of the Above Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation on ____________. a. January 1, 1863 b. September 19, 1863 c. July 4, 1775 d. September 19, 1787 Chapter 11-Congress The Constitution specifies that members of the House of Representatives must be American citizens for at least __________ years. a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 10 There are there currently _______ members in the House of Representatives. a. 535 b. 435 c. 100 d. none of the above The annual salary for a member of Congress is __________. a. $150,000 b. $154,000 c. $170,000 d. $174,000  The Constitution specifies that members of the Senate must be American citizens for at least __________ years. a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 10 Who breaks a tie vote in the Senate? a. president of the United States b. vice president of the United States c. Speaker of the House d. Senate majority leader The Constitution specifies that members of the House of Representatives must be at least __________ years old. a. 21 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35 There are there currently _______ members in the United States Senate. a. 535 b. 435 c. 100 d. none of the above A United States House of Representative member serves _______ a. two-year terms b. four-year terms c. five-year terms d. six-year terms In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority in the House? a. majority leader b. majority whip c. minority leader d. Speaker  The vice president of the United States is the ceremonial leader of the Senate, but he or she has little real leadership responsibilities. The true leader of the Senate is the __________. a. majority leader b. Senate chairperson c. president of the Senate d. Speaker In the House of Representatives, who has the most authority? a. majority leader b. majority whip c. minority leader d. Speaker ________________ handle bills in different policy areas. a. Select Committees b. Standing Committees c. Conference Committees d. Joint Committees The impeachment process for a US President begins in the ___________. a. House of Representatives b. Senate c. Supreme Court d. Federal District Court ______________ are created when the House and Senate need to reconcile different versions of the same bill. a. Select Committees b. Standing Committees c. Conference Committees d. Joint Committees A United States Senator serves __________. a. two-year terms b. four-year terms c. five-year terms d. six-year terms  Congress may overrule a presidential veto with a. a simple majority vote in the House of Representatives b. a simple majority vote in the Senate c. a simple majority vote in both the House and Senate d. a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate The Constitution specifies that members of the Senate must be at least __________ years old. a. 21 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35 In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority in the House? a. majority leader b. majority whip c. minority leader d. Speaker Whips serve what function? a. to act as official spokespersons for their chambers b. to help the Speaker schedule proposed legislation for debate c. to meet with members of the executive cabinet d. to persuade party members to support the party’s priorities The __________ is the only House official mandated by the Constitution. a. majority leader b. majority whip c. Sergeant-at-Arms d. Speaker of the House Pursuant to the Constitution only the ____________ “must give advice and consent” to many presidential nominations. a. Senate b. House of Representatives c. President d. Supreme Court  According to the Constitution all bills involving revenue (“money bills”) a. must originate in the House of Representatives. b. must originate in the Senate c. can originate in either the House of Representatives or the Senate d. None of the above ______________ are created to deal with a policy issue, such as deficit reduction, and may be temporary or permanent. a. Select Committees b. Standing Committees c. Conference Committees d. Joint Committees The House has a total of __________ Standing Committees. a. 20 b. 22 c. 24 d. 26 Pursuant to the Constitution only the ____________ approves treaties. a. Supreme Court b. Senate c. House of Representatives d. President The Constitutional Convention decided on what form of legislature? a. bicameral b. direct c. unified d. unicameral A filibuster requires the approval of __________ senators. a. fifty-one b. fifty-five c. sixty d. sixty-seven  Of the following groups, which is most underrepresented in Congress? a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. Hispanics d. women Chapter 12-US Presidency What is the vice president’s only constitutionally defined job? a. to look after the “Good and the Welfare of We the People” b. to represent the president at official state functions c. to preside over the Electoral College d. to serve as president of the Senate What does the Twenty-second Amendment do? a. requires that presidents be natural-born citizens b. limits the presidents to two terms of office c. requires the president to be a resident of the United States d. requires the president to be at least 35 years old Who was the first President to be impeached? a. Andrew Johnson b. Donald Trump c. Richard Nixon d. Bill Clinton e. The constitution states that the president must be a ______________. a. a citizen of the United States b. a natural-born citizen c. a naturalized citizen d. none of the above Who is third in the line of secession to the President? a. President Tempore b. Senate Majority Leader c. Speaker of the House d. Secretary of State  The Constitution states that the President must be _____________ old at the time of inauguration. a. 21 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35 How many presidents have been inaugurated? a. 44 b. 45 c. 46 d. 47 The constitution states that the president must have resided in the United States for at least __________ years. a. 7 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14 Which of these powers is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate? a. making treaties b. declaring war c. granting pardons d. receiving foreign ambassadors The Twenty-fifth Amendment was enacted in order to clear up uncertainties over the constitutional provisions surrounding __________. a. presidential powers to conduct war b. presidential and vice-presidential succession and disability c. the president’s powers to negotiate treaties d. the Electoral College Who breaks a tie vote in the Senate? a. president of the United States b. vice president of the United States c. Speaker of the House d. Senate majority leader  What has to happen in Congress in order for the president to be impeached and removed from office? a. The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Supreme Court must convict with a two-thirds vote. b. The Senate must impeach the president by a simple majority; the House must convict with a two- thirds vote. c. The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate must convict with a two- thirds majority. d. The Supreme Court must impeach the president with a simple majority; the chief justice presides over a Senate trial that must convict with a two-thirds majority. Who was the second President to be impeached? a. Andrew Johnson b. Donald Trump c. Richard Nixon d. Bill Clinton Congress may overrule a presidential veto with a. a simple majority vote in the House of Representatives b. a simple majority vote in the Senate c. a simple majority vote in both the House and Senate d. a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and Senate Which of the following is a judicial power given to the president? a. determining the Supreme Court’s docket b. nominating federal judges c. establishing the jurisdiction of the federal courts including the Supreme Court d. determining the constitutionality of judicial acts What is the role of the National Security Council? a. to link the president’s foreign and military policy advisers b. to keep the president and first family secure c. to administer the armed forces d. to provide the president with national security policy advice from the opposing party’s perspective Who is second in the line of secession to the President? a. President Tempore b. Senate Majority Leader c. Speaker of the House d. Secretary of State  Washington had four members of his cabinet. Today, there are _________ offices that are included in the modern cabinet. a. 14 b. 15 c. 17 d. 18 Many countries have a parliamentary system where the prime minister is the leader of the party with the largest majority in parliament. The Framers chose a presidential system because _________. a. they were more concerned with the abuse of power than giving the executive a lot of power. b. they wanted an executive branch of government much like Great Britain c. they wanted the executive branch to become the strongest branch of government d. none of the above A ____________occurs when a president does not sign a bill for 10 days, but Congress adjourns during that time. a. Line-item veto b. negative veto c. pocket-veto d. compromise The President can grant reprieves, and pardon for all federal offenses except in cases of ____________. a. insurrection against the federal government b. treason c. impeachment d. none of the above. The president has the constitutional power to grant reprieves, and pardons for all federal offenses. Which best describes a president’s constitutional duty to Congress? a. The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union. b. The president must have at least one cabinet member of the opposing party. c. The president must maintain party support in Congress. d. The president must inform Congress of the reasoning behind a veto. Which of these powers is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate? a. making treaties b. declaring war c. granting pardons d. receiving foreign ambassadors  Which amendment creates a means for selecting a vice president when the office becomes vacant? a. Twenty-second Amendment b. Twenty-fifth Amendment c. Twelfth Amendment d. Tenth Amendment Which of the following is a legislative power given to the president? a. establishing the jurisdiction of the federal courts including the Supreme Court b. determining the constitutionality of judicial acts c. Veto legislation d. introduce legislation in Congress Who was the third President to be impeached? a. Andrew Johnson b. Donald Trump c. Richard Nixon d. Bill Clinton Chapter 15-The Federal Courts Who was the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice? a. John Roberts b. Clarence Thomas c. Thurgood Marshall d. James Robinson How many Justices are on the United States Supreme Court? a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11 Supreme Court Justices are ____________. a. appointed by the president and confirmed by Congress b. appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate c. appointed by the president and confirmed by the House of Representatives d. elected by the people  How many district courts are in the federal system? a. five b. 16 c. 91 d. 412 Who was the second African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice? a. John Roberts b. Clarence Thomas c. Thurgood Marshall d. James Robinson Supreme Court Justices are ____________. a. appointed by the president and confirmed by Congress b. appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate c. appointed by the president and confirmed by the House of Representatives d. elected by the people 18. Number of Federal Court of Appeals Judges a. 169 b. 170 c. 179 d. 180 Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? a. John Roberts b. Clarence Thomas c. Thurgood Marshall d. James Robinson What is common law? a. the accumulation of judicial decisions about legal issues b. laws passed by legislatures c. disputes between two parties d. issues capable of being settled as a matter of law Which of the following must confirm all federal judges? a. the House of Representatives b. the Supreme Court c. the Senate d. the states  A writ of __________ is issued by the Supreme Court when it agrees to hear a case. a. mandamus b. prohibition c. certiorari d. attachment For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case? a. one b. four c. five d. six The Supreme Court issues __________ that are essentially written statements containing the legal reasoning behind the Court’s decisions. a. opinions b. amicus curiae briefs c. per curium statements d. treatises Who nominates judges to the U.S. district courts? a. the president b. the House of Representatives c. the Senate d. the Supreme Court Who was the first female to serve as a Supreme Court Justice? a. Sandra Day O’Connor b. Sonia Sotomayor c. Elena Kagan d. Ketanji Brown Jackson Who was the first African American female to serve as a Supreme Court Justice? a. Sandra Day O’Connor b. Sonia Sotomayor c. Elena Kagan d. Ketanji Brown Jackson  The Supreme Court begins its yearly session on ______________ a. October 1 b. January 1 c. First Monday in January d. First Monday in October