Gout and Hyperuricemia Introduction

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What is the main cause of gout?

Elevated levels of monosodium urate crystals (correct)

Infection in the synovial fluid

Genetic mutation affecting joint structure

Deposition of calcium crystals in synovial tissue

Where is gout particularly common?

Hand joints (correct)

Hip joints

Knee joints

Shoulder joints

What percentage of hyperuricemia cases are due to renal under-excretion of uric acid?

Less than 10%

Over 70% (correct)

Around 20%

50%

Which joint is commonly affected in gout known as 'the king of diseases'?

Big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of uric acid formation in the body?

Synthesis of cellular nucleoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NALP-3 inflammasome in gout pathophysiology?

Facilitates the activation of procaspase-1 that cleaves pro IL-1β to IL-1β Signup and view all the answers

Why is gout more common in men than in premenopausal women?

Men have a greater prevalence of insulin resistance than premenopausal women Signup and view all the answers

What effect does obesity have on the risk of developing gout?

Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for gout due to its association with insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

How do MSU crystals induce inflammation in gout?

By promoting the release of TNF-α and IL-1β Signup and view all the answers

Why is gout rare in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women?

Lower expression of urate reabsorption system proteins in premenopausal women Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of gout?

Deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in synovial tissue of joints due to persistent elevation of uric acid levels Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'arthritis of the rich' in relation to gout.

Gout is referred to as 'arthritis of the rich' due to its association with certain foods and excessive alcohol consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What joint is particularly common in gout and referred to as 'the king of diseases'?

Foot (metatarsophalangeal joint or big toe) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hyperuricemia in the pathophysiology of gout?

Hyperuricemia leads to intra- and/or peri-articular MSU crystal deposition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of uric acid in the development of gout?

Uric acid is formed as a by-product from the breakdown of cellular nucleoproteins, purine synthesis, and purine ingestion. Signup and view all the answers