Gout and Hyperuricemia Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of gout?

  • Elevated levels of monosodium urate crystals (correct)
  • Infection in the synovial fluid
  • Genetic mutation affecting joint structure
  • Deposition of calcium crystals in synovial tissue

Where is gout particularly common?

  • Hand joints (correct)
  • Hip joints
  • Knee joints
  • Shoulder joints

What percentage of hyperuricemia cases are due to renal under-excretion of uric acid?

  • Less than 10%
  • Over 70% (correct)
  • Around 20%
  • 50%

Which joint is commonly affected in gout known as 'the king of diseases'?

<p>Big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of uric acid formation in the body?

<p>Synthesis of cellular nucleoproteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NALP-3 inflammasome in gout pathophysiology?

<p>Facilitates the activation of procaspase-1 that cleaves pro IL-1β to IL-1β (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is gout more common in men than in premenopausal women?

<p>Men have a greater prevalence of insulin resistance than premenopausal women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does obesity have on the risk of developing gout?

<p>Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for gout due to its association with insulin resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do MSU crystals induce inflammation in gout?

<p>By promoting the release of TNF-α and IL-1β (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is gout rare in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women?

<p>Lower expression of urate reabsorption system proteins in premenopausal women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of gout?

<p>Deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in synovial tissue of joints due to persistent elevation of uric acid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'arthritis of the rich' in relation to gout.

<p>Gout is referred to as 'arthritis of the rich' due to its association with certain foods and excessive alcohol consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joint is particularly common in gout and referred to as 'the king of diseases'?

<p>Foot (metatarsophalangeal joint or big toe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hyperuricemia in the pathophysiology of gout?

<p>Hyperuricemia leads to intra- and/or peri-articular MSU crystal deposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of uric acid in the development of gout?

<p>Uric acid is formed as a by-product from the breakdown of cellular nucleoproteins, purine synthesis, and purine ingestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how hyperuricemia contributes to the pathophysiology of gout.

<p>Hyperuricemia decreases urate solubility, promoting MSU crystal nucleation and growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the NALP-3 inflammasome in gout inflammation?

<p>NALP-3 inflammasome activation leads to the cleavage of pro IL-1β to IL-1β, promoting inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is gout more common in men compared to women?

<p>Gout is more common in men due to higher prevalence in males under 65 years and hormonal effects in females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for gout?

<p>Non-modifiable risk factors include age and gender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the connection between obesity and gout risk.

<p>Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for gout due to its association with hyperuricemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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