Goldsmith Steps in Development of Disease Quiz

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What type of radiation exposure did Homer experience in the power plant accident?

Nonionizing radiation

Thermal radiation

Ionizing radiation (correct)

Ultraviolet radiation

What type of cell damage can be caused by ionizing radiation exposure?

Thermal burns

Sunburns to the skin

Atomic vibration and rotation

Free radical formation (correct)

Which of the following physical agents did Homer experience?

Low-intensity heat

Electrical injuries

Trauma/Mechanical forces

All of the above (correct)

What type of nutritional imbalance did Homer likely experience due to his injuries?

Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection did Homer develop in his burned hands?

Clostridium infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell damage can be caused by nonionizing radiation?

Atomic vibration and rotation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cellular damage in oxidative stress?

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are free radicals defined?

Chemical species with free electrons in the outer orbit (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] levels?

Toxins and ischemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is most likely to be damaged by ROS according to the text?

Endoplasmic reticulum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to increased intracellular [Ca2+] levels?

ATPases activation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury results in increased membrane permeability and cell death?

Plasma membrane damage (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of cellular adaptation?

Apoptosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size?

Hypertrophy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be a cause of cell injury?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of ischemia on cells?

Reduced blood supply and oxygen deficiency (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell injury is characterized by cells of varying size, shape, and organization in a specific tissue?

Dysplasia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses can cause cell injury?

DNA incorporation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system in cell injury?

The immune system can both protect cells from injury and cause cell injury (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cellular adaptation is characterized by a change from one adult cell type to another?

Metaplasia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of cell injury in the text?

Oxidative stress (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of genetic abnormalities on cells?

Decreased or increased protein function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

To enhance proper folding of newly synthesized proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the unfolded protein response (UPR)?

To increase the production of chaperones and reduce protein translation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to DNA damage?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of p53 protein in response to DNA damage?

It arrests the cell cycle to allow DNA repair (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of cellular adaptation?

Atrophy (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does necrosis differ from apoptosis?

Necrosis causes cell swelling, while apoptosis causes cell shrinkage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis in terms of their physiological roles?

Apoptosis is a normal physiological process, but can also be pathological in some cases (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the death of a localized area of tissue or an organ due to a lack of blood supply?

Infarction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the death and putrefaction of soft tissues, typically caused by a lack of blood supply?

Gangrene (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for cellular aging?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of apoptosis?

Controlled cell destruction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of apoptosis?

Uncontrolled release of cell products into the extracellular space (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characterized by tissue softening and the persistence of dead cells as a soft, cheese-like debris?

Caseous necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between dry gangrene and moist (wet) gangrene?

Dry gangrene lacks arterial blood supply, while moist gangrene lacks venous flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of autophagy?

Survival mechanism during nutrient deprivation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of necrosis?

Controlled autodigestion via endogenous enzymes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis is often seen in immune reactions and severe hypertension?

Fibrinoid necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is NOT true?

It is a process that is well-understood in terms of its control mechanism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is often seen in the center of an abscess?

Liquefactive necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about autophagy is true?

It involves the lysosomal digestion of the cell's own components (D) Signup and view all the answers

Goldsmith Steps in Development of Disease Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of radiation exposure did Homer experience in the power plant accident?

What type of cell damage can be caused by ionizing radiation exposure?

Which of the following physical agents did Homer experience?

What type of nutritional imbalance did Homer likely experience due to his injuries?

What type of infection did Homer develop in his burned hands?

What type of cell damage can be caused by nonionizing radiation?

What is the main cause of cellular damage in oxidative stress?

How are free radicals defined?

What can cause an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] levels?

Which organelle is most likely to be damaged by ROS according to the text?

What contributes to increased intracellular [Ca2+] levels?

Which type of injury results in increased membrane permeability and cell death?

Which of the following is NOT a type of cellular adaptation?

Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size?

Which of the following can be a cause of cell injury?

What is the main consequence of ischemia on cells?

Which type of cell injury is characterized by cells of varying size, shape, and organization in a specific tissue?

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses can cause cell injury?

What is the role of the immune system in cell injury?

Which type of cellular adaptation is characterized by a change from one adult cell type to another?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of cell injury in the text?

What is the main consequence of genetic abnormalities on cells?

What is the primary function of chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

What is the primary purpose of the unfolded protein response (UPR)?

Which of the following can lead to DNA damage?

What is the role of p53 protein in response to DNA damage?

Which of the following is an example of cellular adaptation?

How does necrosis differ from apoptosis?

What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis in terms of their physiological roles?

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the death of a localized area of tissue or an organ due to a lack of blood supply?

What is the term used to describe the death and putrefaction of soft tissues, typically caused by a lack of blood supply?

Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for cellular aging?

What is the primary function of apoptosis?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of apoptosis?

Which type of necrosis is characterized by tissue softening and the persistence of dead cells as a soft, cheese-like debris?

What is the primary difference between dry gangrene and moist (wet) gangrene?

What is the primary function of autophagy?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of necrosis?

What type of necrosis is often seen in immune reactions and severe hypertension?

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is NOT true?

Which type of necrosis is often seen in the center of an abscess?

Which of the following statements about autophagy is true?

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