Goldsmith Steps in Development of Disease Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of radiation exposure did Homer experience in the power plant accident?

  • Nonionizing radiation
  • Thermal radiation
  • Ionizing radiation (correct)
  • Ultraviolet radiation

    • What type of cell damage can be caused by ionizing radiation exposure?

  • Thermal burns
  • Sunburns to the skin
  • Atomic vibration and rotation
  • Free radical formation (correct)

    • Which of the following physical agents did Homer experience?

  • Low-intensity heat
  • Electrical injuries
  • Trauma/Mechanical forces
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What type of nutritional imbalance did Homer likely experience due to his injuries?

    <p>Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection did Homer develop in his burned hands?

    <p>Clostridium infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell damage can be caused by nonionizing radiation?

    <p>Atomic vibration and rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cellular damage in oxidative stress?

    <p>Accumulation of reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are free radicals defined?

    <p>Chemical species with free electrons in the outer orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] levels?

    <p>Toxins and ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is most likely to be damaged by ROS according to the text?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to increased intracellular [Ca2+] levels?

    <p>ATPases activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury results in increased membrane permeability and cell death?

    <p>Plasma membrane damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of cellular adaptation?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a cause of cell injury?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of ischemia on cells?

    <p>Reduced blood supply and oxygen deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell injury is characterized by cells of varying size, shape, and organization in a specific tissue?

    <p>Dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which viruses can cause cell injury?

    <p>DNA incorporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the immune system in cell injury?

    <p>The immune system can both protect cells from injury and cause cell injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cellular adaptation is characterized by a change from one adult cell type to another?

    <p>Metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of cell injury in the text?

    <p>Oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of genetic abnormalities on cells?

    <p>Decreased or increased protein function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>To enhance proper folding of newly synthesized proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the unfolded protein response (UPR)?

    <p>To increase the production of chaperones and reduce protein translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to DNA damage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of p53 protein in response to DNA damage?

    <p>It arrests the cell cycle to allow DNA repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of cellular adaptation?

    <p>Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does necrosis differ from apoptosis?

    <p>Necrosis causes cell swelling, while apoptosis causes cell shrinkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis in terms of their physiological roles?

    <p>Apoptosis is a normal physiological process, but can also be pathological in some cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is characterized by the death of a localized area of tissue or an organ due to a lack of blood supply?

    <p>Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the death and putrefaction of soft tissues, typically caused by a lack of blood supply?

    <p>Gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for cellular aging?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of apoptosis?

    <p>Controlled cell destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of apoptosis?

    <p>Uncontrolled release of cell products into the extracellular space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is characterized by tissue softening and the persistence of dead cells as a soft, cheese-like debris?

    <p>Caseous necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between dry gangrene and moist (wet) gangrene?

    <p>Dry gangrene lacks arterial blood supply, while moist gangrene lacks venous flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autophagy?

    <p>Survival mechanism during nutrient deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of necrosis?

    <p>Controlled autodigestion via endogenous enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of necrosis is often seen in immune reactions and severe hypertension?

    <p>Fibrinoid necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about apoptosis is NOT true?

    <p>It is a process that is well-understood in terms of its control mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is often seen in the center of an abscess?

    <p>Liquefactive necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about autophagy is true?

    <p>It involves the lysosomal digestion of the cell's own components</p> Signup and view all the answers

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