Developmental Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of genetic counseling?

  • To treat genetic disorders in parents
  • To advise prospective parents on genetic diseases (correct)
  • To perform DNA testing on newborns
  • To predict the future health of individuals

    • Which procedure allows for non-invasive detection of physical defects in a fetus?

  • Ultrasound imaging (correct)
  • Chorionic villus sampling
  • Amniocentesis
  • Endoscopic fetoscopy

    • What can result from maternal malnutrition during pregnancy?

  • Improved brain development
  • Congenital defects (correct)
  • Increased fetal weight
  • Higher likelihood of spontaneous birth

    • What is the purpose of amniocentesis?

    <p>Collecting cells from the amniotic fluid for genetic testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used to perform surgery on the fetus while it is still developing?

    <p>Fetal surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with high levels of maternal anxiety during pregnancy?

    <p>Behavioral problems in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure involves gathering fetal cells at the site of the developing placenta?

    <p>Chorionic villus sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range is considered optimal for childbearing?

    <p>20-34 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range is associated with the Concrete Operations stage in cognitive development?

    <p>6-11 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fetal gene therapy utilize to treat genetic disorders?

    <p>Modified genes in a lab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased maternal age during pregnancy is linked to which condition?

    <p>Higher likelihood of preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following raises ethical questions regarding prenatal procedures?

    <p>The ability to diagnose abnormal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of poor maternal nutrition besides fetal weight impact?

    <p>Spontaneous abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Formal Operations in cognitive development?

    <p>Higher level abstract reasoning and problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of objectivity in research?

    <p>It ensures that results can be replicated by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Information-Processing Models, which part of the system is responsible for transforming information?

    <p>Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medical intervention aims to alleviate symptoms or cure diseases?

    <p>Medical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research involves observing behavior without manipulating variables?

    <p>Descriptive research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paternal age affects the child in what way?

    <p>Increased frequency of mutations in sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known risk associated with teenage pregnancy?

    <p>Increased chances of low birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the Sociocultural Approach to cognitive development?

    <p>Development is influenced by social and cultural contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is naturalistic observation?

    <p>Systematic observation of behavior in natural settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is not all birth defects preventable?

    <p>Some defects are due to uncontrollable factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lev Vygotsky's theory, which of the following is NOT a contribution of culture to a child's development?

    <p>Children develop solely through innate processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can researchers minimize the bias of interpretation in observational studies?

    <p>By defining precise instances of behaviors to record.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the process of internalization in cognitive development?

    <p>Cognitive tools are absorbed from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ability to quantify behaviors in research contribute to?

    <p>The establishment of a more objective framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a way to minimize observer influences?

    <p>Having observers interact with the subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with Vygotsky's view on social interactions?

    <p>Problem-solving is enhanced through shared experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fraternal twins from identical twins?

    <p>Fraternal twins develop from separate fertilized ova.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy do researchers use to describe the process of cognition in Information-Processing Models?

    <p>A computer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one limitation of naturalistic observation?

    <p>It can lead to varying interpretations of behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of descriptive research?

    <p>To observe and describe phenomena without interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In twin studies, what do researchers conclude if a trait is more similar in identical twins than in fraternal twins?

    <p>Genetics play a significant role in the trait's similarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of combining twin and adoption studies?

    <p>Adoption agencies often place children in homogeneous homes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart demonstrate?

    <p>Identical twins retain substantial correlation in IQ even when reared apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of behavior genetics?

    <p>Exploring how genetic variations contribute to behavioral differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gottesman’s Limit-Setting Model suggests that genes interact with the environment by:

    <p>Setting upper and lower limits on individual development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the understanding of developmental pacing relate to fraternal and identical twins?

    <p>It reflects the variability in physical and mental development among twins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion can be drawn if an identical twin experiences a significant life event, like divorce?

    <p>The event may increase the likelihood of similar outcomes for the other twin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetic epistemology primarily concerned with?

    <p>The nature and origin of knowledge in young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function helps existing cognitive structures to become more organized?

    <p>Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives the cognitive development of children according to Piaget?

    <p>Active creation of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development do infants primarily rely on physical interactions?

    <p>Sensorimotor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are schemes in the context of cognitive structures?

    <p>Patterns of thought organizing information and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when new information cannot fit into existing cognitive structures?

    <p>Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to schemes as children develop?

    <p>They increase in number and complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children demonstrate assimilation in their cognitive development?

    <p>By modifying their existing schemes to incorporate new experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology

    • Developmental psychology is the study of human behavior, observing changes in behavior and abilities throughout the lifespan and identifying their causes.
    • Two main goals of developmental research are description (identifying children's behavior at each stage) and explanation (determining the causes and processes of behavioral changes).

    Why Study Children?

    • Researchers are interested in childhood due to the rapid development that occurs during this life stage.
    • Childhood involves physical growth, social interaction, language acquisition, memory development, and other skills.
    • Events and experiences during childhood can have long-lasting influences on later development.
    • Research on children can help understand complex adult behavior more easily.
    • The findings of childhood developmental research have practical applications for real-world problems such as poverty, drug abuse, and crime.
    • The study of child development fascinates many individuals.

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    PSY 2105 Developmental Psychology PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of developmental psychology, focusing on the changes in behavior and abilities throughout human life. This quiz highlights the importance of studying children and the influence of early experiences on later development. Understand the goals of developmental research and its practical applications.

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