Developmental Psychology Overview
48 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of genetic counseling?

  • To treat genetic disorders in parents
  • To advise prospective parents on genetic diseases (correct)
  • To perform DNA testing on newborns
  • To predict the future health of individuals

Which procedure allows for non-invasive detection of physical defects in a fetus?

  • Ultrasound imaging (correct)
  • Chorionic villus sampling
  • Amniocentesis
  • Endoscopic fetoscopy

What can result from maternal malnutrition during pregnancy?

  • Improved brain development
  • Congenital defects (correct)
  • Increased fetal weight
  • Higher likelihood of spontaneous birth

What is the purpose of amniocentesis?

<p>Collecting cells from the amniotic fluid for genetic testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to perform surgery on the fetus while it is still developing?

<p>Fetal surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with high levels of maternal anxiety during pregnancy?

<p>Behavioral problems in children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves gathering fetal cells at the site of the developing placenta?

<p>Chorionic villus sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range is considered optimal for childbearing?

<p>20-34 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range is associated with the Concrete Operations stage in cognitive development?

<p>6-11 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fetal gene therapy utilize to treat genetic disorders?

<p>Modified genes in a lab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased maternal age during pregnancy is linked to which condition?

<p>Higher likelihood of preterm birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following raises ethical questions regarding prenatal procedures?

<p>The ability to diagnose abnormal development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of poor maternal nutrition besides fetal weight impact?

<p>Spontaneous abortion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Formal Operations in cognitive development?

<p>Higher level abstract reasoning and problem-solving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of objectivity in research?

<p>It ensures that results can be replicated by others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Information-Processing Models, which part of the system is responsible for transforming information?

<p>Processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medical intervention aims to alleviate symptoms or cure diseases?

<p>Medical therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research involves observing behavior without manipulating variables?

<p>Descriptive research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paternal age affects the child in what way?

<p>Increased frequency of mutations in sperm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a known risk associated with teenage pregnancy?

<p>Increased chances of low birth weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the Sociocultural Approach to cognitive development?

<p>Development is influenced by social and cultural contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is naturalistic observation?

<p>Systematic observation of behavior in natural settings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is not all birth defects preventable?

<p>Some defects are due to uncontrollable factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lev Vygotsky's theory, which of the following is NOT a contribution of culture to a child's development?

<p>Children develop solely through innate processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can researchers minimize the bias of interpretation in observational studies?

<p>By defining precise instances of behaviors to record. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of internalization in cognitive development?

<p>Cognitive tools are absorbed from the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ability to quantify behaviors in research contribute to?

<p>The establishment of a more objective framework. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a way to minimize observer influences?

<p>Having observers interact with the subjects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement aligns with Vygotsky's view on social interactions?

<p>Problem-solving is enhanced through shared experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fraternal twins from identical twins?

<p>Fraternal twins develop from separate fertilized ova. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analogy do researchers use to describe the process of cognition in Information-Processing Models?

<p>A computer system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of naturalistic observation?

<p>It can lead to varying interpretations of behaviors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of descriptive research?

<p>To observe and describe phenomena without interference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In twin studies, what do researchers conclude if a trait is more similar in identical twins than in fraternal twins?

<p>Genetics play a significant role in the trait's similarity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of combining twin and adoption studies?

<p>Adoption agencies often place children in homogeneous homes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart demonstrate?

<p>Identical twins retain substantial correlation in IQ even when reared apart. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of behavior genetics?

<p>Exploring how genetic variations contribute to behavioral differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gottesman’s Limit-Setting Model suggests that genes interact with the environment by:

<p>Setting upper and lower limits on individual development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the understanding of developmental pacing relate to fraternal and identical twins?

<p>It reflects the variability in physical and mental development among twins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn if an identical twin experiences a significant life event, like divorce?

<p>The event may increase the likelihood of similar outcomes for the other twin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic epistemology primarily concerned with?

<p>The nature and origin of knowledge in young children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function helps existing cognitive structures to become more organized?

<p>Organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the cognitive development of children according to Piaget?

<p>Active creation of knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development do infants primarily rely on physical interactions?

<p>Sensorimotor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are schemes in the context of cognitive structures?

<p>Patterns of thought organizing information and relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs when new information cannot fit into existing cognitive structures?

<p>Accommodation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to schemes as children develop?

<p>They increase in number and complexity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do children demonstrate assimilation in their cognitive development?

<p>By modifying their existing schemes to incorporate new experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic epistemology

The study of how knowledge develops in children, including its origin and how it changes over time.

Clinical method

A method of testing where children are given simple tasks and problems requiring solutions and explanations.

Schemes

Organized patterns of thought or behavior that categorize information and relationships between them. They involve interactions between the environment and a child's reactions.

Development

The continuous process of rearranging knowledge into more complex and advanced structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organization

The ability to connect cognitive structures, requiring new knowledge to fit within existing systems, leading to more elaborated and organized understanding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adaptation

The process of adapting to the environment for survival, involving assimilation and accommodation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assimilation

Integrating new experiences into existing cognitive structures, making sense of new things through familiar knowledge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accommodation

Modifying cognitive structures to incorporate radically different or complex experiences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Concrete Operations

Stage of cognitive development (6-11 years) where children can mentally manipulate information, allowing them to solve problems logically.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Formal Operations

Stage of cognitive development (12+ years) characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and complex problem-solving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Information-Processing Model

A framework that views the mind as a system processing information like a computer. It includes input, processing, and output.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Input (Information-Processing)

Information entering our senses through sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Processing (Information-Processing)

Brain processes transforming information by encoding, comparing, storing, and retrieving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Output (Information-Processing)

The output of the cognitive system, including actions, speech, and social interactions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sociocultural Approaches

Developmental theories that emphasize the role of culture, social interaction, and historical context in shaping cognition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vygotsky's Theory

Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizing the role of social interaction in cognitive development. He believed that culture shapes individuals' mental abilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Objectivity in Research

The practice of designing research to be free from personal biases and opinions, ensuring that the methods and results can be replicated by other researchers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Descriptive Research

A research approach where the main goal is to accurately describe and document observed behaviors, without attempting to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Naturalistic Observation

A method of collecting data by systematically observing behaviors in their natural environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observer Influences

The potential for researchers to unconsciously influence the behavior of the participants simply by being present and observed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Independent Observation

A method used to improve the accuracy of observational data by having multiple researchers independently record and compare their observations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavior Identification and Definition

A process where researchers clearly define the specific behaviors they are interested in observing and provide detailed guidelines on how to identify and record them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observer Training

Training observers to reliably and consistently apply the agreed-upon definitions and procedures for identifying and recording behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Video Recordings for Accuracy

Using video recordings to review the accuracy of observations and ensure that the original interpretations of the data were accurate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic Counseling

A process of advising future parents about genetic diseases and the likelihood of transmitting them to their offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ultrasound Imaging

A non-invasive technique to detect physical abnormalities in the fetus using sound waves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Amniocentesis

A procedure that involves taking cells from the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus to analyze for chromosomal and genetic defects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chorionic Villus Sampling

A technique for collecting fetal cells from the developing placenta earlier in pregnancy than amniocentesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endoscopic Fetoscopy

A procedure that allows for the visualization of the fetus, taking tissue samples, or performing surgeries while the fetus is still in the uterus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

In Vitro Screening

A method where embryos are screened in a lab before being implanted in the mother's uterus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medical Therapy

Medical interventions provided to address pathological conditions, aiming to alleviate symptoms or cure diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fetal Surgery

A surgical procedure performed on the fetus while it is still developing in the uterus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fraternal/dizygotic twins

Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs and share no more genetic similarity than any other siblings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Twin Studies

A research method used to study the relative influences of genes and environment on traits and behaviors by comparing identical and fraternal twins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Development Pacing

The rate at which an individual's physical and mental development progresses, characterized by periods of rapid growth (spurts) and slow growth (plateaus).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Combined Twin-study and Adoption-study Approaches

A combined approach using both twin studies and adoption studies to investigate genetic and environmental influences on various traits and behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

A research study focusing on twins raised separately to assess the relative impact of genes and environment on various traits and behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavior Genetics

The field of study exploring the role of genes in shaping individual differences in behavior and development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gottesman's Limit-Setting Model

A model suggesting that genes set limits on the range of possibilities for development, while the environment influences where within that range an individual falls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gene-Environment Interaction

The interplay between genes and environment in shaping behavior and development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

The differing degrees of effects that may result from prenatal alcohol exposure. It is more common than FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

The process of gaining weight during pregnancy due to increased weight of the mother's tissues, the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Maternal Malnutrition

Inadequate nutrition during pregnancy can lead to serious problems for the developing fetus. It can affect brain development, cause miscarriage, and interfere with the placenta's ability to provide nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Maternal Anxiety

High levels of anxiety during pregnancy can lead to problems for the baby, including irritability, feeding and sleep problems, and behavioral issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Optimal Age for Childbearing

The ideal age range for childbearing is between 20 and 34, with the best time being 25-29.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risks of Older Mothers

Older mothers are at increased risk for complications like Down syndrome in their babies, preterm birth, delivery difficulties, and infant/maternal mortality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risks of Older Fathers

Older fathers have a higher chance of sperm mutations, which can cause genetic disorders like achondroplasia (a dominant mutation leading to bone deformities) in their children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risks of Teen Pregnancy

Teen pregnancy is associated with complications, including growth issues, premature birth, and low birth weight.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Developmental Psychology

  • Developmental psychology is the study of human behavior, observing changes in behavior and abilities throughout the lifespan and identifying their causes.
  • Two main goals of developmental research are description (identifying children's behavior at each stage) and explanation (determining the causes and processes of behavioral changes).

Why Study Children?

  • Researchers are interested in childhood due to the rapid development that occurs during this life stage.
  • Childhood involves physical growth, social interaction, language acquisition, memory development, and other skills.
  • Events and experiences during childhood can have long-lasting influences on later development.
  • Research on children can help understand complex adult behavior more easily.
  • The findings of childhood developmental research have practical applications for real-world problems such as poverty, drug abuse, and crime.
  • The study of child development fascinates many individuals.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

PSY 2105 Developmental Psychology PDF

Description

Explore the key concepts of developmental psychology, focusing on the changes in behavior and abilities throughout human life. This quiz highlights the importance of studying children and the influence of early experiences on later development. Understand the goals of developmental research and its practical applications.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser