GMA Reviewer: Nervous System Parts and Functions

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• The main function is to connect the Central Nervous System (CNS) to limbs and organs, facilitating communication between the body and the brain.

Fight or Flight Response

• The sympathetic division of the PNS controls 'Fight or Flight' responses, preparing the body to react to stressful situations by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow.

Ganglia in the Nervous System

• Ganglia serve as relay points and processing centers for signals in the nervous system, housing the cell bodies of neurons and facilitating communication between different parts of the nervous system.

Neuron's Axon Terminal

• The axon terminal's primary function is to transmit signals to other neurons or target cells through the release of neurotransmitters, enabling communication across synapses.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

• The CNS's main function is to process and integrate information, coordinating voluntary and involuntary actions, and serving as the control center for the body.

Neuron Types

• Multipolar neurons have multiple origins, featuring multiple dendrites that allow them to process a large number of signals simultaneously.

Microglia Function

• Microglia act as the immune defense in the CNS, removing waste and pathogens through phagocytosis, and supporting overall brain health.

Epithelial Tissue in Gastrointestinal Tract

• Simple columnar epithelium is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract, playing vital roles in absorption and secretion.

Connective Tissue Extracellular Matrix

• Collagen is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue, providing structural support and strength.

Fibroblasts in Connective Tissue

• Fibroblasts primarily synthesize and secrete collagen and elastin fibers, essential for maintaining the structure and function of connective tissues.

Test your knowledge about the different parts and functions of the nervous system, including sensory gathering, integrative components, and motor actions. Explore the divisions of the nervous system and its roles in higher functions, cognition, learning, and memory.