48 Questions
Which pathway leads to the production of lactate from pyruvate?
Anaerobic respiration
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which process involves the synthesis of structural polymers?
Extracellular matrix
Which pathway is directly associated with the production of ATP through the Electron Transport Chain?
Citric Acid Cycle
In which pathway is ribose 5-phosphate produced?
Pentose phosphate pathway
Which molecule does glycolysis start with in the preparatory phase?
Glucose
What is produced alongside ATP in the pay-off phase from DHAP?
NADH
Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the preparatory phase of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
How many ATP molecules are consumed in the preparatory phase?
2
What is the final product of the pay-off phase of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What does the breakdown of carbohydrate, fat, and protein produce?
Energy stored as ATP and electron carriers
What is required for anabolic processes?
Phosphoryl group, ATP transfer, and reducing power of NADH and NADPH
What can metabolism be identified as?
The sum of chemical reactions within an organism
What is the primary function of catabolic processes?
Breakdown of molecules to release energy
What is the role of ATP in anabolic processes?
To provide energy through the transfer of phosphoryl groups
Which process involves the synthesis of glycogen from glucose?
Glycogenesis
What is the main product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which pathway generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?
Gluconeogenesis
What does the pentose phosphate pathway produce?
Pentoses and NADPH
What is ribose 5-phosphate a product of?
Pentose phosphate pathway
During anaerobic respiration, what is pyruvate converted into?
Lactate
Which process is associated with the production of NADH, FADH2, and CO2?
Citric acid cycle
Which molecule does the electron transport chain use to produce ATP?
NADH and FADH2
Which pathway involves the synthesis of structural polymers?
Extracellular matrix
What is the direct product of anaerobic respiration of pyruvate?
Lactate
Which of the following is NOT a fate of glucose?
Citric Acid Cycle
Which compound is directly involved in the Electron Transport Chain?
NADH
What process leads to the production of Ribose 5-phosphate?
Pentose phosphate pathway
Why is a phosphate group negatively charged?
Due to the presence of oxygen atoms
What is one function of adding a phosphate group to a molecule?
To ensure the molecule stays within the cell
Which of the following is represented by the chemical formula $HO-P-O-_O^-$?
Inorganic phosphate
In what way can a phosphate group help in biochemical reactions?
By redistributing electrons/energy within an intermediate
Why might a phosphate group be targeted by a positively-charged enzyme or co-factor?
Due to its negative charge
What process is directly involved in the breakdown of glucose for energy?
Glycolysis
Which metabolic process involves the TCA cycle?
Carbohydrate metabolism
In which process is ATP primarily synthesized?
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
What is the primary role of ATP in metabolic processes?
Energy transfer
Which process is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids?
Fatty acid breakdown
What is produced during glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which process involves the conversion of glucose into glycogen?
Glycogenesis
Which metabolic pathway involves the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?
Gluconeogenesis
In anaerobic respiration, what compound is lactate eventually converted into before entering the electron transport chain?
CO₂
Which of the following pathways produces Ribose 5-phosphate?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Which process directly converts glucose to glycogen?
Glycogenesis
In which pathway is glucose converted to ribose 5-phosphate?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Which end product is formed from pyruvate during anaerobic respiration?
Lactate
Which molecule directly enters the Citric Acid Cycle from proteins?
Acetyl-CoA
What is the primary product of pyruvate in the Citric Acid Cycle?
CO2 + NADH, FADH2
Study Notes
Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glucose is a central molecule in the body's energy production and biosynthesis processes
- Glucose can be involved in various pathways, including glycogenesis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
- Breakdown of glucose to produce pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
- Occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen (anaerobic)
- Produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH
Glycogenesis
- Process of glycogen synthesis that occurs when glucose levels are high
- Excess glucose is converted into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle
- Glycogen can be broken down to glucose when energy is needed
Gluconeogenesis
- Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as pyruvate
- Occurs in the liver and kidneys
- Essential for maintaining blood sugar levels during fasting or starvation
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Uses glucose to produce NADPH and pentoses, which are essential for biosynthesis
- Produces ribose 5-phosphate, which is necessary for nucleic acid synthesis
Pyruvate
- Produced from glycolysis
- Can be converted into lactate through anaerobic respiration
- Can be converted into CO2, NADH, and FADH2 through the citric acid cycle
- Can be converted into ATP through the electron transport chain
Anaerobic Respiration
- Conversion of pyruvate into lactate
- Occurs in the absence of oxygen
- Produces 2 ATP
Citric Acid Cycle
- Conversion of pyruvate into CO2, NADH, and FADH2
- Occurs in the mitochondria
- Produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
- Uses NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP
- Occurs in the mitochondria
- Produces 32-34 ATP
Extracellular Matrix
- Synthesis of structural polymers from glucose
- Essential for maintaining tissue structure and function
Fat and Protein Metabolism
- Fat can be converted into acetyl-CoA, which can enter the citric acid cycle
- Protein can be converted into acetyl-CoA, which can enter the citric acid cycle
- Fat and protein can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis
This quiz covers the two phases of the glycolysis pathway, including the reactants and products involved in the process. Learn about the preparatory and pay-off phases and how they contribute to the breakdown of glucose.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
